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71.
Ana‐María Ríos María‐Dolores Guillamón Bernardino Benito Francisco Bastida 《Journal of forecasting》2018,37(4):457-474
This paper analyzes the impact of transparency on fiscal performance. Our sample considers the 100 largest Spanish municipalities for the years 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014. The results show that the level of municipal transparency influences budget forecast deviations in tax revenues and current expenditures. On the one hand, less transparent municipalities overestimate their revenues, allowing them to provide more public services without an immediate increase in taxes. On the other, these local governments, which are aware of the overestimation of their revenues, may spend less than they budgeted. More transparent municipalities, meanwhile, seem to be more prudent in their revenue estimations, since they underestimate their revenues, meaning they can spend more than projected. Our results also show that the behavior of politicians is influenced by the phase of the electoral cycle in which they find themselves, with politicians overestimating expenditures in the year before election. 相似文献
72.
María Catalina Ramírez Jaime Plazas Camilo Torres Juan Camilo Silva Luis Camilo Caicedo Miguel Angel González 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2012,25(2):95-116
In several rural areas in Colombia there is a serious lack of water quality supply. Thereby the problematic situation is understood
as complex one that involves stakeholders with pluralistic interests, multiple variables and requires the development of sustainable
and suitable solutions. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes an integration of engineering design framework
(CDIO) with a systemic approach. Particularly the approach emphasizes on systemic elements such as autonomy, systems within
systems, cooperation between stakeholders and cause effect relations; it also proposes a previous observing phase for engineering
design framework. Thus the proposed systemic framework aims to generate projects that improve living conditions in rural communities
and promote the production of knowledge between the stakeholders to ensure sustainability in the long term. To illustrate
the proposal, this work contains a case study that discusses a project carried out by a research team—Ingenieros Sin Fronteras Colombia—in a rural district near to Colombia’s capital. The experience, which involved and benefited 16 families in the community,
provided strong evidence to support the proposed framework. The paper concludes with a discussion about the replication of
this proposal in other contexts. 相似文献
73.
Bráulio de Freitas Marçal 《Journal of Natural History》2019,53(39-40):2479-2488
ABSTRACTManakins (Pipridae) are a group of Neotropical birds well known for their spectacular lekking displays and non-monogamous mating system. Nevertheless, the two species of Antilophia have been traditionally considered monogamous and, therefore, an exception to this rule. In this paper, we studied the home range and the mating system of a colour-ringed population of the Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata in southeastern Brazil. We propose that it is a non-monogamous species that ranges widely during the breeding season, presenting a lekking behaviour in the form of unspectacular but aggressive chasing courtship displays. 相似文献
74.
María de Paz 《Foundations of Science》2018,23(3):549-558
Much of the focus on Poincaré’s philosophy of science has been on the notion of convention, a crucial concept that has become distinctive of his position. However, other notions have received much less attention. That is the case of verifiable hypotheses. This kind of hypotheses seems to be constituted from the generalization of several observable facts. So, in order to understand what these hypotheses are, we need to know what a fact to Poincaré is. He divides facts into brute and scientific facts. The characterization of this duality is not trivial at all, and leads us to the following questions that we will discuss in this paper: (1) which the part of construction that exists in a scientific fact and which the part of translation, that is, what remains from the brute fact in the scientific one?; and (2) when we conceive a generalized hypothesis, are we supposed to do it from scientific or from brute facts? The clarification of these questions could lead to distinguish the part of construction and the part of translation in the first steps of science, which is essential to get a better understanding of Poincaré’s conception of science. 相似文献
75.
María Teresa Signes Pont Higinio Mora Mora Gregorio De Miguel Casado David Gil Méndez 《Foundations of Science》2016,21(1):215-223
This paper presents an approach to the belief system based on a computational framework in three levels: first, the logic level with the definition of binary local rules, second, the arithmetic level with the definition of recursive functions and finally the behavioural level with the definition of a recursive construction pattern. Social communication is achieved when different beliefs are expressed, modified, propagated and shared through social nets. This approach is useful to mimic the belief system because the defined functions provide different ways to process the same incoming information as well as a means to propagate it. Our model also provides a means to cross different beliefs so, any incoming information can be processed many times by the same or different functions as it occurs is social nets. 相似文献
76.
Marta Bolos Desireé Antequera Jesús Aldudo Henrike Kristen María Jesús Bullido Eva Carro 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2014,71(15):2947-2955
The choroid plexuses (CP) release numerous biologically active enzymes and neurotrophic factors, and contain a subpopulation of neural progenitor cells providing the capacity to proliferate and differentiate into other types of cells. These characteristics make CP epithelial cells (CPECs) excellent candidates for cell therapy aiming at restoring brain tissue in neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, using in vitro approaches, we demonstrated that CP were able to diminish amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in cell cultures, reducing Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. For in vivo studies, CPECs were transplanted into the brain of the APP/PS1 murine model of AD that exhibits advanced Aβ accumulation and memory impairment. Brain examination after cell implantation revealed a significant reduction in brain Aβ deposits, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and astrocytic reactivity. Remarkably, the transplantation of CPECs was accompanied by a total behavioral recovery in APP/PS1 mice, improving spatial and non-spatial memory. These findings reinforce the neuroprotective potential of CPECs and the use of cell therapies as useful tools in AD. 相似文献
77.
78.
Finlayson C Pacheco FG Rodríguez-Vidal J Fa DA Gutierrez López JM Santiago Pérez A Finlayson G Allue E Baena Preysler J Cáceres I Carrión JS Fernández Jalvo Y Gleed-Owen CP Jimenez Espejo FJ López P López Sáez JA Riquelme Cantal JA Sánchez Marco A Guzman FG Brown K Fuentes N Valarino CA Villalpando A Stringer CB Martinez Ruiz F Sakamoto T 《Nature》2006,443(7113):850-853
The late survival of archaic hominin populations and their long contemporaneity with modern humans is now clear for southeast Asia. In Europe the extinction of the Neanderthals, firmly associated with Mousterian technology, has received much attention, and evidence of their survival after 35 kyr bp has recently been put in doubt. Here we present data, based on a high-resolution record of human occupation from Gorham's Cave, Gibraltar, that establish the survival of a population of Neanderthals to 28 kyr bp. These Neanderthals survived in the southernmost point of Europe, within a particular physiographic context, and are the last currently recorded anywhere. Our results show that the Neanderthals survived in isolated refuges well after the arrival of modern humans in Europe. 相似文献
79.
80.
Effect of immune and normal RNA on the immunological response induced by rat red blood cells in mice
J. C. Morini M. V. Londner María Teresa Font S. L. Rabasa 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1969,25(6):640-641
Resumen Se inmunizaron ratones BALB con glóbulos rojos de ratas de una línea endocriada. A estos ratones se les extrajo el ARN del bazo y se inyectó a otro grupo de animales de la misma cepa. Además, se inyectó el ARN proveniente de bazo de ratón normal a un segundo grupo de animales. Cinco días después de la inyección del ARN normal e inmune, ambos grupos, y un tercero, testigo, recibieron una inyección de glóbulos rojos de rata. 相似文献