Structure of the E. coli signal recognition particle bound to a translating ribosome

The prokaryotic signal recognition particle (SRP) targets membrane proteins into the inner membrane. It binds translating ribosomes and screens the emerging nascent chain for a hydrophobic signal sequence, such as the transmembrane helix of inner membrane proteins. If such a sequence emerges, the SRP binds tightly, allowing the SRP receptor to lock on. This assembly delivers the ribosome-nascent chain complex to the protein translocation machinery in the membrane. Using cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction, we obtained a 16 A structure of the Escherichia coli SRP in complex with a translating E. coli ribosome containing a nascent chain with a transmembrane helix anchor. We also obtained structural information on the SRP bound to an empty E. coli ribosome. The latter might share characteristics with a scanning SRP complex, whereas the former represents the next step: the targeting complex ready for receptor binding. High-resolution structures of the bacterial ribosome and of the bacterial SRP components are available, and their fitting explains our electron microscopic density. The structures reveal the regions that are involved in complex formation, provide insight into the conformation of the SRP on the ribosome and indicate the conformational changes that accompany high-affinity SRP binding to ribosome nascent chain complexes upon recognition of the signal sequence.     

增量锻造平行面过程中材料的损伤研究

在锻造系统中研究了平行面加工时材料的损伤情况.加工出了不同缺口半径的拉伸试样,并进行了拉伸实验,分别得到了材料在Cockcroft ＆ Latham （C-L）与Ayada这2种不同损伤模型时的损伤值.根据该值利用有限元模拟软件DEFORM3D对平行面加工过程进行了模拟,并同时在锻造系统中进行了平行面的锻造试验.对有限元分析数据与试验结果进行比较,表明含有平均应力的Ayada模型更适于增量锻造过程损伤的预测.