全文获取类型
收费全文 | 904篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 7篇 |
丛书文集 | 1篇 |
教育与普及 | 2篇 |
理论与方法论 | 14篇 |
现状及发展 | 80篇 |
研究方法 | 182篇 |
综合类 | 561篇 |
自然研究 | 63篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 84篇 |
2011年 | 155篇 |
2010年 | 23篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 75篇 |
2007年 | 82篇 |
2006年 | 90篇 |
2005年 | 84篇 |
2004年 | 61篇 |
2003年 | 70篇 |
2002年 | 83篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有910条查询结果,搜索用时 671 毫秒
341.
342.
近年来禽流感病毒疫情的发生给全球带来了重大威胁。对流感病毒蛋白,特别是流感病毒RNA聚合酶复合体的结构生物学研究对揭示病毒复制机制以及开展相关药物设计都具有重大意义。流感病毒RNA聚合酶是由PB1、PB2以及PA亚基组成的负责流感病毒的RNA合成以及维持病毒生命周期至关重要的分子机器。其中,PB1是该聚合酶的RNA合成亚基,PB2负责获取宿主mRNA用于病毒mRNA合成,而PA亚基功能则不清楚。本研究报道了来源于禽流感病毒RNA聚合酶PA亚基羧基端与PB1氨基端短肽复合体的三维晶体结构。该结构揭示了PA与PB1亚基相互作用方式,并分析了PA分子在RNA结合等方面的功能,对进一步研究PA功能以及开展针对聚合酶PA分子的药物设计具有十分重大的意义。 相似文献
343.
344.
345.
346.
347.
The mineral magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) undergoes a complex structural distortion and becomes electrically insulating at temperatures less than 125 kelvin. Verwey proposed in 1939 that this transition is driven by a charge ordering of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions, but the ground state of the low-temperature phase has remained contentious because twinning of crystal domains hampers diffraction studies of the structure. Recent powder diffraction refinements and resonant X-ray studies have led to proposals of a variety of charge-ordered and bond-dimerized ground-state models. Here we report the full low-temperature superstructure of magnetite, determined by high-energy X-ray diffraction from an almost single-domain, 40-micrometre grain, and identify the emergent order. The acentric structure is described by a superposition of 168 atomic displacement waves (frozen phonon modes), all with amplitudes of less than 0.24 ?ngstr?ms. Distortions of the FeO(6) octahedra show that Verwey's hypothesis is correct to a first approximation and that the charge and Fe(2+) orbital order are consistent with a recent prediction. However, anomalous shortening of some Fe-Fe distances suggests that the localized electrons are distributed over linear three-Fe-site units, which we call 'trimerons'. The charge order and three-site distortions induce substantial off-centre atomic displacements and couple the resulting large electrical polarization to the magnetization. Trimerons may be important quasiparticles in magnetite above the Verwey transition and in other transition metal oxides. 相似文献
348.
Jones FC Grabherr MG Chan YF Russell P Mauceli E Johnson J Swofford R Pirun M Zody MC White S Birney E Searle S Schmutz J Grimwood J Dickson MC Myers RM Miller CT Summers BR Knecht AK Brady SD Zhang H Pollen AA Howes T Amemiya C;Broad Institute Genome Sequencing Platform & Whole Genome Assembly Team Baldwin J Bloom T Jaffe DB Nicol R Wilkinson J Lander ES Di Palma F Lindblad-Toh K Kingsley DM 《Nature》2012,484(7392):55-61
Marine stickleback fish have colonized and adapted to thousands of streams and lakes formed since the last ice age, providing an exceptional opportunity to characterize genomic mechanisms underlying repeated ecological adaptation in nature. Here we develop a high-quality reference genome assembly for threespine sticklebacks. By sequencing the genomes of twenty additional individuals from a global set of marine and freshwater populations, we identify a genome-wide set of loci that are consistently associated with marine-freshwater divergence. Our results indicate that reuse of globally shared standing genetic variation, including chromosomal inversions, has an important role in repeated evolution of distinct marine and freshwater sticklebacks, and in the maintenance of divergent ecotypes during early stages of reproductive isolation. Both coding and regulatory changes occur in the set of loci underlying marine-freshwater evolution, but regulatory changes appear to predominate in this well known example of repeated adaptive evolution in nature. 相似文献
349.
The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Curtis C Shah SP Chin SF Turashvili G Rueda OM Dunning MJ Speed D Lynch AG Samarajiwa S Yuan Y Gräf S Ha G Haffari G Bashashati A Russell R McKinney S;METABRIC Group Langerød A Green A Provenzano E Wishart G Pinder S Watson P Markowetz F Murphy L Ellis I Purushotham A Børresen-Dale AL Brenton JD Tavaré S Caldas C Aparicio S 《Nature》2012,486(7403):346-352
350.
AA Pezzulo XX Tang MJ Hoegger MH Alaiwa S Ramachandran TO Moninger PH Karp CL Wohlford-Lenane HP Haagsman M van Eijk B Bánfi AR Horswill DA Stoltz PB McCray MJ Welsh J Zabner 《Nature》2012,487(7405):109-113
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Although bacterial lung infection and the resulting inflammation cause most of the morbidity and mortality, how the loss of CFTR function first disrupts airway host defence has remained uncertain. To investigate the abnormalities that impair elimination when a bacterium lands on the pristine surface of a newborn CF airway, we interrogated the viability of individual bacteria immobilized on solid grids and placed onto the airway surface. As a model, we studied CF pigs, which spontaneously develop hallmark features of CF lung disease. At birth, their lungs lack infection and inflammation, but have a reduced ability to eradicate bacteria. Here we show that in newborn wild-type pigs, the thin layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) rapidly kills bacteria in vivo, when removed from the lung and in primary epithelial cultures. Lack of CFTR reduces bacterial killing. We found that the ASL pH was more acidic in CF pigs, and reducing pH inhibited the antimicrobial activity of ASL. Reducing ASL pH diminished bacterial killing in wild-type pigs, and, conversely, increasing ASL pH rescued killing in CF pigs. These results directly link the initial host defence defect to the loss of CFTR, an anion channel that facilitates HCO(3)(-) transport. Without CFTR, airway epithelial HCO(3)(-) secretion is defective, the ASL pH falls and inhibits antimicrobial function, and thereby impairs the killing of bacteria that enter the newborn lung. These findings suggest that increasing ASL pH might prevent the initial infection in patients with CF, and that assaying bacterial killing could report on the benefit of therapeutic interventions. 相似文献