浅谈建设工程项目的造价控制

作者以工程项目主要的几个阶段:设计阶段、建设阶段以及结算审核阶段为着眼点,就工程造价控制的要点进行了分析及阐述。     

孕妇碘营养不足对母儿的影响

目的:通过随机抽取350例2010年3月—2011年3月在本院围产门诊进行尿碘检测的孕妇,探讨妊娠期妇女碘营养状况,为本地区缺碘孕妇孕期补碘的剂量、时间的掌握提供依据,以指导围产期妇女的保健。方法:采用尿碘半定量目测法测定孕妇尿碘含量,研究孕妇妊娠早、中、晚期及不同年龄阶段尿碘含量的变化。结果:孕妇在不同孕期、不同年龄阶段碘营养状况有差异。结论:妊娠初期及中期应注意碘元素的补充。     

Quantum simulation of antiferromagnetic spin chains in an optical lattice

Understanding exotic forms of magnetism in quantum mechanical systems is a central goal of modern condensed matter physics, with implications for systems ranging from high-temperature superconductors to spintronic devices. Simulating magnetic materials in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition is computationally intractable on classical computers, owing to the extreme complexity arising from quantum entanglement between the constituent magnetic spins. Here we use a degenerate Bose gas of rubidium atoms confined in an optical lattice to simulate a chain of interacting quantum Ising spins as they undergo a phase transition. Strong spin interactions are achieved through a site-occupation to pseudo-spin mapping. As we vary a magnetic field, quantum fluctuations drive a phase transition from a paramagnetic phase into an antiferromagnetic phase. In the paramagnetic phase, the interaction between the spins is overwhelmed by the applied field, which aligns the spins. In the antiferromagnetic phase, the interaction dominates and produces staggered magnetic ordering. Magnetic domain formation is observed through both in situ site-resolved imaging and noise correlation measurements. By demonstrating a route to quantum magnetism in an optical lattice, this work should facilitate further investigations of magnetic models using ultracold atoms, thereby improving our understanding of real magnetic materials.     

Two ten-billion-solar-mass black holes at the centres of giant elliptical galaxies

Observational work conducted over the past few decades indicates that all massive galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centres. Although the luminosities and brightness fluctuations of quasars in the early Universe suggest that some were powered by black holes with masses greater than 10 billion solar masses, the remnants of these objects have not been found in the nearby Universe. The giant elliptical galaxy Messier 87 hosts the hitherto most massive known black hole, which has a mass of 6.3 billion solar masses. Here we report that NGC 3842, the brightest galaxy in a cluster at a distance from Earth of 98 megaparsecs, has a central black hole with a mass of 9.7 billion solar masses, and that a black hole of comparable or greater mass is present in NGC 4889, the brightest galaxy in the Coma cluster (at a distance of 103 megaparsecs). These two black holes are significantly more massive than predicted by linearly extrapolating the widely used correlations between black-hole mass and the stellar velocity dispersion or bulge luminosity of the host galaxy. Although these correlations remain useful for predicting black-hole masses in less massive elliptical galaxies, our measurements suggest that different evolutionary processes influence the growth of the largest galaxies and their black holes.     

脱硫废弃物改良盐碱地对水稻生长发育及土壤的影响

采用田间试验方法,以改良龟裂碱土为目标,研究施用脱硫废弃物改良盐碱地对水稻生长发育及土壤的影响.结果表明,水稻常规栽培、管理条件下,在盐碱地中施加脱硫废弃物能够改善水稻的生长发育,即增大水稻叶面积指数,提高水稻生物量和产量.当脱硫废弃物+改良剂施用量为(2.5 t+0.5 t)/666.7 m2,泡水量定额为100 m...     

基于系统动力学的海上交通应急救援效能分析

随着海上交通的日益频繁,海上交通突发事件的发生频率也在不断增加,应急救援工作越来越受到重视.为了提升应急救援效能,以海上交通突发事件的实际救援过程为切入点,从信息感知、协同研判、方案决策、救援行动4个维度构建海上交通应急救援效能影响因素指标体系,通过层次熵分法对指标权重进行赋值,建立海上交通应急救援效能的系统动力学(s...     

BioStarM-140s芯片基因信息查询系统的构建及应用

应用生物信息学数据库查询的方法,对B ioS tarM-140s小鼠基因表达芯片上的14 112个基因进行相应注释信息的查询和所对应蛋白质功能的分类.首先参照人类综合型芯片上基因的功能分类,设定了14个蛋白质类别,然后采用V isual C 编程语言,构建了基因信息查询系统.应用该查询系统,进行了网络生物学数据库信息资源的自动直接查询,共搜索到有注释信息的基因12 070个;进一步按照所设定的14个蛋白质类别对12 070个基因进行分类查询,搜索到了与这14个分类相符合的、具有详细蛋白质功能注释信息的基因共1 606个.     

膜生物反应器净化污水的硝化反硝化性能

比较了膜生物反应器(MBR)和传统活性污泥工艺(CAS)在相同运行条件下处理生活污水的硝化和反硝化性能.结果表明,MBR对NH4 -N和TN的去除率分别比CAS高54.8%和37.3%.2种工艺的亚硝化、反硝化作用均呈零级反应,对应降解速率常数MBR分别约为CAS的2.2倍和2.5倍;CAS中硝化作用为零级反应,而MBR中硝化作用随时间推移趋于平缓.MBR中的细菌总数、硝酸菌、亚硝酸菌和反硝化菌数量分别比CAS工艺中相应菌种高1~2个数量级.通过控制曝气强度或减小回流通道断面限制缺氧区溶解氧质量浓度,可提高MBR中的反硝化效果.     

一种计算冲压零件轮廓相似度的快速算法

为了适应网络应用对轮廓相似度计算在速度和数据传输量方面的要求,文中提出了一种非离散的快速算法,该算法采用直线和圆弧来表达轮廓曲线．在对图形进行范化处理后,将待匹配轮廓按照一定步距进行旋转．然后依次以待匹配轮廓或目标轮廓作为模板,计算模板的所有顶点与其在另一个轮廓中对应点的距离平方的平均值．在所有角度中,平均值之和的最小值即为两个轮廓的匹配度．该算法同时适用于凸多边形和凹多边形,并具有较好的区分度和匹配准确性．和以往的离散方式相比,该算法减少了需要传递的数据量．提高了运算速度．     

基于遗传算法的火电机组运行优化

火电机组运行优化正成为火电厂运行工作和技术攻关的重要方面.文中结合某300MW燃煤机组运行实例,对其主要性能参数进行敏感性分析,得出性能参数偏差对煤耗率的影响规律,其中,飞灰含碳量、炉膛出口烟气含氧量、排烟温度、凝汽器真空度、给水温度、主蒸汽压力6个参数的每工程单位偏差对煤耗率的影响最大.在此基础上,建立了以煤耗率最低为目标函数的优化模型,并采用遗传算法进行寻优求解.最后,开发了火电机组运行优化软件,并在其上进行机组运行优化计算,得到了一个参数最优化的运行方案.优化结果表明,供电标准煤耗率比原来降低了约1.41 g/(kW.h).