Msx2 deficiency in mice causes pleiotropic defects in bone growth and ectodermal organ formation

The composite structure of the mammalian skull, which forms predominantly via intramembranous ossification, requires precise pre- and post-natal growth regulation of individual calvarial elements. Disturbances of this process frequently cause severe clinical manifestations in humans. Enhanced DNA binding by a mutant MSX2 homeodomain results in a gain of function and produces craniosynostosis in humans. Here we show that Msx2-deficient mice have defects of skull ossification and persistent calvarial foramen. This phenotype results from defective proliferation of osteoprogenitors at the osteogenic front during calvarial morphogenesis, and closely resembles that associated with human MSX2 haploinsufficiency in parietal foramina (PFM). Msx2-/- mice also have defects in endochondral bone formation. In the axial and appendicular skeleton, post-natal deficits in Pth/Pthrp receptor (Pthr) signalling and in expression of marker genes for bone differentiation indicate that Msx2 is required for both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Consistent with phenotypes associated with PFM, Msx2-mutant mice also display defective tooth, hair follicle and mammary gland development, and seizures, the latter accompanied by abnormal development of the cerebellum. Most Msx2-mutant phenotypes, including calvarial defects, are enhanced by genetic combination with Msx1 loss of function, indicating that Msx gene dosage can modify expression of the PFM phenotype. Our results provide a developmental basis for PFM and demonstrate that Msx2 is essential at multiple sites during organogenesis.     

An ERP study for the degrees of the difficulty in visual search

The present study mainly probed the relationships between ERP components and the degrees of difficulty in visual search. Three experimental and one controlled conditions were randomly selected. Results showed that the P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes and latencies had no significant differences among the three experimental and one controlled conditions, and the ERP waveforms of low perceptual load of visual search were different from that of high perceptual load. These results might indicate that the latencies and amplitudes of initial P1, N1 and P2 in high and low perceptual load conditions were almost the same. The ERP waveforms of parallel search were very different from that of serial search, and the ERP waveforms of serial search were very similar. The P3 amplitudes increased as the degrees of the difficulty in visual search decreased.     

R^3中旋转曲面的两个性质

本文给出了R~3中旋转曲面的两个充分必要条件,并加以证明。曲面Σ是三维欧氏空间R~3中旋转曲面的充分必要条件是:1) 沿一族曲线的曲面法线构成共轴的正园锥曲面族,此轴亦为该曲面旋转轴。2) Σ的主曲率 K_1=K_1(u_1) K_2=K_2(u_1)即仅依赖一个曲率线参数u_1。     

一类能控系统的控制函数

本文主要研究能控系统的控制函数f(t).其中,h(x)=ASin(wx+θ),或者h(x)=Acos(wx+θ),或者h(x)=e~(ax+b).     

200mm钢锭模的有限元强度分析

利用有限元法分别计算了原设计方案和新设计方案两种铜锭模热应力，并且进行了比较，新方案比原方案好，但并不是最合理的，还可以进一步优化。     

单片机在弯管自动化生产线中的应用

本文重点介绍弯管自动化生产线单片机自动控制系统组成及软件实现方法。     

The Edge-pancyclicity of Generalized Hypercubes

Generalized hypercubes （denoted by Q（d1,d2,... ,dn）） is an important network topology for parallel processing computer systems. Some methods of forming big cycle from small cycles and links have been developed. Basing on which, we has proved that in generalized hypercubes, every edge can be contained on a cycle of every length from 3 to IV（G）I inclusive and all kinds of length cycles have been constructed. The edgepanciclieity and node-pancilicity of generalized hypercubes can be applied in the topology design of computer networks to improve the network performance.     

杂多钨酸盐K_n[MW_(11)O_(39)Ni(H_2O)]·xH_2O的氧化还原性质研究

通过极谱和循环伏安法,结合紫外光谱和X射线光电子能谱研究了过渡元素K（?）〔MW_(11)O_(39)Ni(H_2O)〕·xH_2O(M=Si、Ti、Ga、Zr)在溶液中的氧化还原性质,提出了它们的还原机理,杂多阴离子的极谱半波电位顺序为Zr>Ti>Ga>Si,发现杂多阴离子的E_(1/2)与M元素的电负性有线性关系.     

抗氧化石墨材料的实验研究

用一种新工艺——泥浆凝胶工艺制备了石墨材料抗氧化梯度膜，通过初级泥浆涂层和合理的实验参数控制，生成了致密的ＳｉＣ涂层。通过Ｘ射线衍射对涂层进行晶相分析，用扫描电镜分析涂层的成分，证实涂层中ＳｉＣ浓度呈梯度分布，因而缓和了涂层与基体间的热应力。氧化实验表明样品在１０００℃下氧化３００ｈ、１４００℃２００ｈ以及１６００℃、２０ｈ样品质量没有任何损失。１４００℃下经２０个热循环试验后样品完好无损     

放矿随机过程中散体颗粒移动概率密度方程

通过对放矿随机过程的分析，提出了以布朗运动为理论基础的放矿过程散体颗粒移动的概率密度方程。为真实的模拟放矿随机过程中颗粒的移动奠定了理论基础，同时也为放矿理论研究提出了一条新的思路