近红外区N－H和O－H振动吸收谱带在定性定量分析中的应用

本研究介绍了如何应用近红外光谱对Ｎ─Ｈ、Ｏ─Ｈ等官能团进行定量分析，以及如何应用近红外光谱法研究金属氧化物的表面羟基与其催化活性的关系。     

杂多钨酸盐K_n[MW_(11)O_(39)Ni(H_2O)]·xH_2O的氧化还原性质研究

通过极谱和循环伏安法,结合紫外光谱和X射线光电子能谱研究了过渡元素K（?）〔MW_(11)O_(39)Ni(H_2O)〕·xH_2O(M=Si、Ti、Ga、Zr)在溶液中的氧化还原性质,提出了它们的还原机理,杂多阴离子的极谱半波电位顺序为Zr>Ti>Ga>Si,发现杂多阴离子的E_(1/2)与M元素的电负性有线性关系.     

线性矩阵不等式F_0＋sum from j＝1 to k of x_j F_

应用矩阵求迹运算“ｔｒ（·）”得到了线性矩阵不等式Ｆ_０＋sum from j=1 to k of ｘ_ｊ Ｆ_ｊ＞０解的充分条件，这些充分条件皆为应用中容易检验的代数不等式．并据此给出了相应的代数解     

天然汞全套中子核反应数据的理论计算

用光学模型（ＯＰＭ），核反应多步过程的半经典理论，双微分截面理论（ＤＤＣＳ）和γ辐射的非统计过程及γ产生数据理论，计算了人射能量在０．１￣２０ＭｅＶ的中民天然汞相互作用的全套核反应数据，计算结果与评价的实验数据比较，符合较好。     

利用中药渣栽培平菇高产技术探讨

报告了利用中药渣为主料,以木屑埋菌棒方式栽培平菇的生产技术。结果表明:这种方法可就地取材,成本低,质量好,产量高。     

连铸初始凝固传热系数的测定

本文建立了一套热模拟试验方法，获得了初始凝固过程３ｓ之内的坯壳；提出了考虑固液界面热流的等效凝固潜热计算方法，并据此用一维凝固传热解析法计算出了初始凝固过程的热流分布和传热系数分布，比较和探讨了热顶结晶器材质对初始凝固传热的作用。     

标准氢电极的探讨

本文指出了标准氢电极存在的问题,讨论了选择标准氢电极的电子导体问题,建议采用氢电极为电极电势的参考电极,这种氢电极是由浸在H~+离子溶液中的镀铂黑的铂片构成,H~+离子的浓度是每千克水中有1摩尔氢离子,氢气泡的压力为1大气压     

The impact of surface-adsorbed phosphorus on phytoplankton Redfield stoichiometry

The Redfield ratio of 106 carbon:16 nitrogen:1 phosphorus in marine phytoplankton is one of the foundations of ocean biogeochemistry, with applications in algal physiology, palaeoclimatology and global climate change. However, this ratio varies substantially in response to changes in algal nutrient status and taxonomic affiliation. Here we report that Redfield ratios are also strongly affected by partitioning into surface-adsorbed and intracellular phosphorus pools. The C:N:surface-adsorbed P (80-105 C:15-18 N:1 P) and total (71-80 C:13-14 N:1 P) ratios in natural populations and cultures of Trichodesmium were close to Redfield values and not significantly different from each other. In contrast, intracellular ratios consistently exceeded the Redfield ratio (316-434 C:59-83 N:1 intracellular P). These high intracellular ratios were associated with reduced N2 fixation rates, suggestive of phosphorus deficiency. Other algal species also have substantial surface-adsorbed phosphorus pools, suggesting that our Trichodesmium results are generally applicable to all phytoplankton. Measurements of the distinct phytoplankton phosphorus pools may be required to assess nutrient limitation accurately from elemental composition. Deviations from Redfield stoichiometry may be attributable to surface adsorption of phosphorus rather than to biological processes, and this scavenging could affect the interpretation of marine nutrient inventories and ecosystem models.     

Unusual phase transitions in ferroelectric nanodisks and nanorods

Bulk ferroelectrics undergo structural phase transformations at low temperatures, giving multi-stable (that is, multiple-minimum) degenerate states with spontaneous polarization. Accessing these states by applying, and varying the direction of, an external electric field is a key principle for the operation of devices such as non-volatile ferroelectric random access memories (NFERAMs). Compared with bulk ferroelectrics, low-dimensional finite ferroelectric structures promise to increase the storage density of NFERAMs 10,000-fold. But this anticipated benefit hinges on whether phase transitions and multi-stable states still exist in low-dimensional structures. Previous studies have suggested that phase transitions are impossible in one-dimensional systems, and become increasingly less likely as dimensionality further decreases. Here we perform ab initio studies of ferroelectric nanoscale disks and rods of technologically important Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 solid solutions, and demonstrate the existence of previously unknown phase transitions in zero-dimensional ferroelectric nanoparticles. The minimum diameter of the disks that display low-temperature structural bistability is determined to be 3.2 nm, enabling an ultimate NFERAM density of 60 x 10(12) bits per square inch-that is, five orders of magnitude larger than those currently available. Our results suggest an innovative use of ferroelectric nanostructures for data storage, and are of fundamental value for the theory of phase transition in systems of low dimensionality.