Notch signalling pathway mediates hair cell development in mammalian cochlea

The mammalian cochlea contains an invariant mosaic of sensory hair cells and non-sensory supporting cells reminiscent of invertebrate structures such as the compound eye in Drosophila melanogaster. The sensory epithelium in the mammalian cochlea (the organ of Corti) contains four rows of mechanosensory hair cells: a single row of inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells. Each hair cell is separated from the next by an interceding supporting cell, forming an invariant and alternating mosaic that extends the length of the cochlear duct. Previous results suggest that determination of cell fates in the cochlear mosaic occurs via inhibitory interactions between adjacent progenitor cells (lateral inhibition). Cells populating the cochlear epithelium appear to constitute a developmental equivalence group in which developing hair cells suppress differentiation in their immediate neighbours through lateral inhibition. These interactions may be mediated through the Notch signalling pathway, a molecular mechanism that is involved in the determination of a variety of cell fates. Here we show that genes encoding the receptor protein Notch1 and its ligand, Jagged 2, are expressed in alternating cell types in the developing sensory epithelium. In addition, genetic deletion of Jag2 results in a significant increase in sensory hair cells, presumably as a result of a decrease in Notch activation. These results provide direct evidence for Notch-mediated lateral inhibition in a mammalian system and support a role for Notch in the development of the cochlear mosaic.     

酒店高层管理者胜任力模型的构建——对上海、南京部分酒店的实证研究

酒店高层管理人员与酒店业生存和发展休戚相关，采用什么标准来选拔和培养酒店高层管理者受到了各大酒店的关注和重视。酒店业高层管理者胜任力模型的研究为此提供了一个新的视角。本研究采用定性的行为事件访谈和定量的问卷调查法探讨并构建了酒店高层管理者的胜任力模型，并证明酒店高层管理者的胜任力能预测绩效。     

Msx2 deficiency in mice causes pleiotropic defects in bone growth and ectodermal organ formation

The composite structure of the mammalian skull, which forms predominantly via intramembranous ossification, requires precise pre- and post-natal growth regulation of individual calvarial elements. Disturbances of this process frequently cause severe clinical manifestations in humans. Enhanced DNA binding by a mutant MSX2 homeodomain results in a gain of function and produces craniosynostosis in humans. Here we show that Msx2-deficient mice have defects of skull ossification and persistent calvarial foramen. This phenotype results from defective proliferation of osteoprogenitors at the osteogenic front during calvarial morphogenesis, and closely resembles that associated with human MSX2 haploinsufficiency in parietal foramina (PFM). Msx2-/- mice also have defects in endochondral bone formation. In the axial and appendicular skeleton, post-natal deficits in Pth/Pthrp receptor (Pthr) signalling and in expression of marker genes for bone differentiation indicate that Msx2 is required for both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Consistent with phenotypes associated with PFM, Msx2-mutant mice also display defective tooth, hair follicle and mammary gland development, and seizures, the latter accompanied by abnormal development of the cerebellum. Most Msx2-mutant phenotypes, including calvarial defects, are enhanced by genetic combination with Msx1 loss of function, indicating that Msx gene dosage can modify expression of the PFM phenotype. Our results provide a developmental basis for PFM and demonstrate that Msx2 is essential at multiple sites during organogenesis.     

An ERP study for the degrees of the difficulty in visual search

The present study mainly probed the relationships between ERP components and the degrees of difficulty in visual search. Three experimental and one controlled conditions were randomly selected. Results showed that the P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes and latencies had no significant differences among the three experimental and one controlled conditions, and the ERP waveforms of low perceptual load of visual search were different from that of high perceptual load. These results might indicate that the latencies and amplitudes of initial P1, N1 and P2 in high and low perceptual load conditions were almost the same. The ERP waveforms of parallel search were very different from that of serial search, and the ERP waveforms of serial search were very similar. The P3 amplitudes increased as the degrees of the difficulty in visual search decreased.     

R^3中旋转曲面的两个性质

本文给出了R~3中旋转曲面的两个充分必要条件,并加以证明。曲面Σ是三维欧氏空间R~3中旋转曲面的充分必要条件是:1) 沿一族曲线的曲面法线构成共轴的正园锥曲面族,此轴亦为该曲面旋转轴。2) Σ的主曲率 K_1=K_1(u_1) K_2=K_2(u_1)即仅依赖一个曲率线参数u_1。     

一类能控系统的控制函数

本文主要研究能控系统的控制函数f(t).其中,h(x)=ASin(wx+θ),或者h(x)=Acos(wx+θ),或者h(x)=e~(ax+b).     

200mm钢锭模的有限元强度分析

利用有限元法分别计算了原设计方案和新设计方案两种铜锭模热应力，并且进行了比较，新方案比原方案好，但并不是最合理的，还可以进一步优化。     

三个新大环草酰胺Ni(Ⅱ)配合物配体的合成、结构和DNA切割活性研究

合成了3个新的大环草酰胺Ni(Ⅱ)单核配合物NiL1(1),NiL2·CH3CH2OH(2)和NiL3·1.25H2O(3).由于羟基和草酰胺基团的氧原子都能够与金属离子配位,因此,NiL1-3可以用作构筑同多核和异多核配位化合物的配合物配体.X-射线单晶结构分析表明,每个大环配体的4个N原子与Ni(Ⅱ)配位,构成变形的平面正方形配位环境;Ni-N键的长度都非常短,表明3个大环配体中所有氮原子的配位能力都很强.1~3中的醇羟基使羟自由基淬灭,从而抑制了配合物切割DNA的活性.     

单片机在弯管自动化生产线中的应用

本文重点介绍弯管自动化生产线单片机自动控制系统组成及软件实现方法。