SSR分子标记在作物遗传多样性研究中的应用现状

微卫星(microsatellites)或简单序列重复(simple sequence repeats,SSRs)是以1-6个碱基为基本单元的串联重复序列,具有含量丰富、多态性高、共显性和检测方法简单等优点,是研究植物遗传多样性的主要的分子标记方法之一,已被用于多种农作物的遗传多样性研究。概述了微卫星DNA标记的原理及特点,探讨了其在农作物物遗传多样性研究中的应用和发展前景。     

云仿真系统可信度评估问题探讨

云仿真平台支持“云仿真”模式,能够自动查找仿真资源、动态构建云仿真系统。由于云仿真平台具有按需构建仿真服务、多粒度资源共享等特点,云仿真系统的可信度评估工作在仿真资源的可信度、仿真子系统的可信度、仿真运行环境的可靠性等方面面临新的问题。从云仿真系统全生命周期角度,建立了云仿真系统的可信度评估过程模型和云仿真系统可信度评估指标体系,并给出了一种仿真资源排序评估方法,为云仿真系统可信度评估工作提供参考。     

开关磁阻电机电动轮驱动系统

基于汽车动力学的分析,提出了电动轮驱动系统应遵循的控制原则即输出转矩闭环控制;比较了目前常用的开关磁阻电机转矩控制策略,并提出了新的控制方案.该方案通过放置辅助检测绕组和采用硬件积分器,对电机绕组磁链进行实时检测;结合绕组电流进行转矩估算,经过转矩误差PID反馈控制,实现电机输出转矩对转矩给定指令的跟踪.建立了实际的转矩闭环控制系统并进行了实验研究.实测得到的电机输出特性证明了所提出的控制策略的正确性.     

纳米TiO2的应用

纳米TiO2因其具有更为独特的性能,例如优异的紫外屏蔽作用、透明无毒、奇特的颜色及光催化作用等,引起了人们的普遍关注,对它的制备、性能和应用展开了深入的研究.本文概述了纳米TiO2在有机和无机废水处理、杀菌、空气净化、紫外屏蔽、表面自清洁材料、高级涂料、静电屏蔽、红外吸收、红外反射、隐身材料及增强增韧材料等方面的应用和最新研究进展.     

求解变分不等式与不动点问题的惯性次梯度外梯度算法

提出了一种求解变分不等式与不动点问题的惯性次梯度外梯度算法,证明了其弱收敛性定理,通过数值实验验证所得的理论结果.     

The emerging link between O-GlcNAcylation and neurological disorders

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is involved in the regulation of many cellular cascades and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and stroke. In the brain, the expression of O-GlcNAcylation is notably heightened, as is that of O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA), the presence of which is prominent in many regions of neurological importance. Most importantly, O-GlcNAcylation is believed to contribute to the normal functioning of neurons; conversely, its dysregulation participates in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In neurodegenerative diseases, O-GlcNAcylation of the brain’s key proteins, such as tau and amyloid-β, interacts with their phosphorylation, thereby triggering the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. An increase of O-GlcNAcylation by pharmacological intervention prevents neuronal loss. Additionally, O-GlcNAcylation is stress sensitive, and its elevation is cytoprotective. Increased O-GlcNAcylation ameliorated brain damage in victims of both trauma-hemorrhage and stroke. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of O-GlcNAcylation’s physiological and pathological roles in the nervous system and provide a foundation for development of a therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders.     

Melatonin and mitochondrial function during ischemia/reperfusion injury

Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury occurs in many organs and tissues, and contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Melatonin, an endogenously produced indolamine, provides a strong defense against IR injury. Mitochondrion, an organelle for ATP production and a decider for cell fate, has been validated to be a crucial target for melatonin to exert its protection against IR injury. In this review, we first clarify the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction during IR and melatonin’s protection of mitochondria under this condition. Thereafter, special focus is placed on the protective actions of melatonin against IR injury in brain, heart, liver, and others. Finally, we explore several potential future directions of research in this area. Collectively, the information compiled here will serve as a comprehensive reference for the actions of melatonin in IR injury identified to date and will hopefully aid in the design of future research and increase the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.     

Activation of the AXL kinase causes resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer

Human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with activating mutations in EGFR frequently respond to treatment with EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib, but responses are not durable, as tumors acquire resistance. Secondary mutations in EGFR (such as T790M) or upregulation of the MET kinase are found in over 50% of resistant tumors. Here, we report increased activation of AXL and evidence for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in multiple in vitro and in vivo EGFR-mutant lung cancer models with acquired resistance to erlotinib in the absence of the EGFR p.Thr790Met alteration or MET activation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of AXL restored sensitivity to erlotinib in these tumor models. Increased expression of AXL and, in some cases, of its ligand GAS6 was found in EGFR-mutant lung cancers obtained from individuals with acquired resistance to TKIs. These data identify AXL as a promising therapeutic target whose inhibition could prevent or overcome acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in individuals with EGFR-mutant lung cancer.     

Common variation at 10p12.31 near MLLT10 influences meningioma risk

To identify susceptibility loci for meningioma, we conducted a genome-wide association study of 859 affected individuals (cases) and 704 controls with validation in two independent sample sets totaling 774 cases and 1,764 controls. We identified a new susceptibility locus for meningioma at 10p12.31 (MLLT10, rs11012732, odds ratio = 1.46, P(combined) = 1.88 × 10(-14)). This finding advances our understanding of the genetic basis of meningioma development.