求解变分不等式与不动点问题的惯性次梯度外梯度算法

提出了一种求解变分不等式与不动点问题的惯性次梯度外梯度算法,证明了其弱收敛性定理,通过数值实验验证所得的理论结果.     

The emerging link between O-GlcNAcylation and neurological disorders

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is involved in the regulation of many cellular cascades and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and stroke. In the brain, the expression of O-GlcNAcylation is notably heightened, as is that of O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA), the presence of which is prominent in many regions of neurological importance. Most importantly, O-GlcNAcylation is believed to contribute to the normal functioning of neurons; conversely, its dysregulation participates in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In neurodegenerative diseases, O-GlcNAcylation of the brain’s key proteins, such as tau and amyloid-β, interacts with their phosphorylation, thereby triggering the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. An increase of O-GlcNAcylation by pharmacological intervention prevents neuronal loss. Additionally, O-GlcNAcylation is stress sensitive, and its elevation is cytoprotective. Increased O-GlcNAcylation ameliorated brain damage in victims of both trauma-hemorrhage and stroke. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of O-GlcNAcylation’s physiological and pathological roles in the nervous system and provide a foundation for development of a therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders.     

Melatonin and mitochondrial function during ischemia/reperfusion injury

Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury occurs in many organs and tissues, and contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Melatonin, an endogenously produced indolamine, provides a strong defense against IR injury. Mitochondrion, an organelle for ATP production and a decider for cell fate, has been validated to be a crucial target for melatonin to exert its protection against IR injury. In this review, we first clarify the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction during IR and melatonin’s protection of mitochondria under this condition. Thereafter, special focus is placed on the protective actions of melatonin against IR injury in brain, heart, liver, and others. Finally, we explore several potential future directions of research in this area. Collectively, the information compiled here will serve as a comprehensive reference for the actions of melatonin in IR injury identified to date and will hopefully aid in the design of future research and increase the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.     

Activation of the AXL kinase causes resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer

Human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with activating mutations in EGFR frequently respond to treatment with EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib, but responses are not durable, as tumors acquire resistance. Secondary mutations in EGFR (such as T790M) or upregulation of the MET kinase are found in over 50% of resistant tumors. Here, we report increased activation of AXL and evidence for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in multiple in vitro and in vivo EGFR-mutant lung cancer models with acquired resistance to erlotinib in the absence of the EGFR p.Thr790Met alteration or MET activation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of AXL restored sensitivity to erlotinib in these tumor models. Increased expression of AXL and, in some cases, of its ligand GAS6 was found in EGFR-mutant lung cancers obtained from individuals with acquired resistance to TKIs. These data identify AXL as a promising therapeutic target whose inhibition could prevent or overcome acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in individuals with EGFR-mutant lung cancer.     

监测北太平洋海洋环流脉搏

国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目“北太平洋盂Ⅱ热带环流变异及其对我国近海动力环境的影响”借助中国海洋大学海洋综合调查船“东方红2号”,于2008年9月中下旬进行了深海大洋科学考察,在西太平洋黑潮源地和吕宋海峡成功布设潜标,形成了较完整的潜标观测阵列,并在东海陆架处布设海床基ADCP（acoustic doppler current profiler,声学多普勒水流剖面仪）测流系统。这标志着我们首次构建了由副热带北太平洋和我国边缘海所构成的大洋一边缘海动力系统的多点同步长期观测系统,为认识这一大洋一边缘海动力系统的能量物质交换提供了关键的观测支撑,同时也是我国深海大洋动力环境调查的一次重要探索,为我国深海大洋动力环境长期观测研究提供了宝贵的经验。     

生物炼制细胞工厂的科学基础

生物炼制是以生物可再生资源为原料生产能源与化工产品的新型工业模式。认识并利用微生物广泛的物质分解转化与卓越的化学合成能力,将微生物改造成为高效的生物炼制细胞工厂,使生物炼制逐步取代传统石油炼制,对于降低化石资源消耗、最终实现工业原材料来源的战略大转移、促进经济社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文分析了构建生物炼制细胞工厂亟待解决的关键问题,介绍了有关生物炼制细胞工厂的国内外最新研究进展,并对生物炼制细胞工厂的发展前景进行了展望。作为工业生物技术的核心支撑技术之一,生物炼制细胞工厂必将在解决资源、能源问题中起到重要作用。     

考虑综合经济性的风光配电网储能优化配置

在配电网中配置储能系统可以有效缓解风光接入对配电网产生的影响,提升对风光的消纳能力、减少电压偏差等,而储能接入的位置和容量不同会对配电网产生不同的影响。首先分析储能建设过程中的主要费用,考虑基于分时电价下的网损成本和峰谷差收益,以年综合成本、配电网的日节点电压偏差和最小为目标,建立配电网储能选址定容模型,采用改进多目标遗传二代算法（Improved Multi-Objective Nondominated Sorting Genetic Ⅱ Algorithm,INSGA-II）对模型进行求解,利用改进理想点决策法（Improved Ideal Point Based Decision,IIPBD）来选取最优配置方案,最后在IEEE-33节点模型中对方案进行验证,仿真结果表明,使用INSGA-II算法进行求解时最终决策出的储能配置方案实现了成本最小,并且显著提升了电压的稳定性,验证了改进后算法的优良性和本文所提出的储能优化配置方案的有效性。     

基于高分一号影像数据的水稻定量施肥可视化

为提高水稻施肥便捷和精准的生产管理能力,实现实时监测和决策一体的可视化定量施肥,利用高分一号卫星遥感(GF-1)影像数据,研究了以多种典型植被指数的水稻分蘖期、拔节期和抽穗期等关键生育时期的氮素营养诊断模型,临界诊断植被指数值和定量追肥模型,并实现了氮素营养诊断和定量施肥推荐的可视化表达。研究结果表明:建立的水稻关键生育时期分蘖期、拔节期和抽穗期的最优植被指数临界诊断值分别为-0.384、0.658和0.782;根据水稻氮肥效应曲线的分析得到的总施氮量(298.4 kg/hm~2)和最佳经济施肥量(285.5 kg/hm~2);综合水稻施氮总量与最优植被指数值线性关系、最佳施肥量、最高施肥量可得定量追肥模型。水稻关键生育时期的氮素营养诊断和定量模型的建立,实现了定量施肥可视化表达。     

岩溶台地高压富水特长隧道勘察的精细化探索

岩溶台地高压富水特长隧道精细化勘察应在收集和分析区域地质资料、前期勘察成果、前人研究成果及类似工程案例的基础上,找出主要的水文与工程地质问题,针对这些问题进行水文地质与工程地质调绘和地球物理探测,在此基础上构建地质模型,并采用有针对性的水文地质钻探、工程地质钻探、现场监测与测试及数值仿真等方法与手段,对地质模型进行验证、丰富与优化。以G59呼北高速张家界—官庄段沅古坪隧道为研究对象,为了查明岩溶台地高压富水特长隧道的水文地质与工程地质条件,在水文地质与工程地质测绘、地球物理探测、地质钻探及工程评价等方面进行了精细化勘察的探索与研究,提出了精细化勘察技术思路。根据精细化勘察技术思路,细分隧道区域的地下水系统,划为17个地下水系统,隧道穿越9个地下水系统。采用空气潜孔锤(down-the-hole, DTH)-孔内电视复合方法查清了大湖村段水文地质结构,在此基础上,采用解析法和数值法预测了隧道涌水量,隧道涌水量在150 mm降雨量条件下为26.93×10⁴ m³/d,评价了突水突泥风险,在大湖村岩溶泉系统及柏杨坪岩溶地下河系统为高风险区。