Economics of alternative energy sources

An important part of the oil and natural gas at present consumed in the UK is used for the heating of buildings, a demand which shows large diurnal, day-to-day and annual fluctuations. The replacement of this energy by nuclear-generated electricity, as at present envisaged, would require the construction of some 250 GW of additional capacity by the end of the century, a progamme which does not seem feasible. By incorporating relatively cheap, short term storage in the form of low-grade heat, the generating capacity required to fulfil peak demand could be reduced by more than 50%. As soon as such storage is provided, however, other sources of energy become viable and attractive alternatives, and the UK is well situated to make use of wind, wave, and tidal power. It seems likely that the value of North Sea oil/gas reserves as feedstock to the chemical industry will rise sufficiently to make an early reduction in their consumption as fuel of great economic importance.     

爆炸喷涂爆炸波参数数值计算

对爆炸喷涂燃烧室爆轰波的形成及爆轰产物热力学及动力学参数进行了数值计算．结果表明，爆炸喷涂气相爆轰系统爆轰特性主要取决于气相系统的选择和初始混合气体配比．C2H2 O2气相爆轰系统更适合于喷涂高熔点的陶瓷、金属陶瓷及纳米复合陶瓷粉体，其最优化工艺参数应该选择在零氧平衡附近．而H2 O2气相爆轰系统则适用于喷涂低熔点的金属及其合金，金属粉体的熔点越高，最优化参数越接近于零氧平衡点．     

铜熔体的过滤脱氧

采用常用的脱氧剂对铜熔体脱氧时,残余的脱氧剂往往对其导电性能造成一定影响.实验研究了采用木炭过滤的方法对液态铜进行脱氧.结果表明,木炭过滤是一种非常有效的铜熔体脱氧方法,而且不会对熔体产生二次污染.此外,对过滤脱氧技术在废旧紫铜的回收利用方面进行了研究,在炉料中分别添加0.1,0.2,0.3,0.5和1.0(质量分数)的废旧铜丝后,净化后的试样中wO≤10×10-6,直径3mm铜丝的硬态电阻率不超过1.75μΩ·cm,满足无氧铜的技术要求.     

一类相依回归系统参数的广义两步有偏估计

本文提出了一类相依回归系统参数的广义两步有偏估计,证明了当设计矩阵呈病态时,广义两步有偏估计的均方误差小于两步协方差改进估计的均方误差.     

Fe/Cr(001)超晶格层间耦合和自旋极化的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势法对Fe／Cr（001）起晶格的层间耦合和自旋极化进行了系统地研究．结果表明：理想Fe／Cr超晶格的层间耦合随反铁磁Cr层层数的增加呈短周期性振荡；在较稳定的结构中，整个Cr层都以较大的磁矩被极化，且极化程度受铁磁层原子数的影响较大．