基于混沌-量子粒子群的分簇路由算法

针对粒子群分簇路由优化算法存在的收敛速度慢、 易陷入局部最优等问题, 提出一种混沌-量子粒子群 的双子粒子群分簇路由算法。 该算法以簇头的能量、 簇头与汇聚节点的距离以及与簇内成员节点的距离构造 最优簇头的代价函数, 主粒子群利用混沌粒子群寻优, 辅粒子群利用量子粒子群寻优, 加入量子波动理论, 使 算法具有较好的全局收敛性。 双子粒子群采用收敛速度快的凹函数递减策略优化权重。 仿真结果验证了该算 法可使无线传感网络节点能量消耗均衡化, 显著延长网络生命周期, 与 LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)协议、 PSO-C(Cluster setup using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm)协议相比生命周期分别延长了 80. 1%和 41. 4%。     

基于改进滤波器和图像多尺度变换的背景抑制算法

红外目标的探测背景具有复杂性和非平稳性,为提高后续检测性能,常常通过抑制背景来增强目标能量。针对传统背景抑制方法检测率低、虚警率高的问题,提出一种基于改进滤波器和图像多尺度变换的复杂背景抑制算法。首先,对红外图像进行改进的滤波处理获得预处理图像。其次,通过高斯金字塔多分辨技术,平滑图像背景。然后,采用Cubic插值算法提高图像的分辨率,得到背景估计图像。最后,将预处理图像和背景估计图像差分,获得背景抑制的结果。经验证,该算法实时性相对传统方法提高了19%,对于多种复杂的背景情况具有良好的适应性。同时，算法计算复杂度较低,有利于实现实时性工程应用。     

A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r2 of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r2 of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations.     

Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations

With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms from the International HapMap Project Phase 2 (HapMap2). We used 'long-range haplotype' methods, which were developed to identify alleles segregating in a population that have undergone recent selection, and we also developed new methods that are based on cross-population comparisons to discover alleles that have swept to near-fixation within a population. The analysis reveals more than 300 strong candidate regions. Focusing on the strongest 22 regions, we develop a heuristic for scrutinizing these regions to identify candidate targets of selection. In a complementary analysis, we identify 26 non-synonymous, coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms showing regional evidence of positive selection. Examination of these candidates highlights three cases in which two genes in a common biological process have apparently undergone positive selection in the same population:LARGE and DMD, both related to infection by the Lassa virus, in West Africa;SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, both involved in skin pigmentation, in Europe; and EDAR and EDA2R, both involved in development of hair follicles, in Asia.     

Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk

Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140?mm?Hg systolic blood pressure or ≥90?mm?Hg diastolic blood pressure). Even small increments in blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This genome-wide association study of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which used a multi-stage design in 200,000 individuals of European descent, identified sixteen novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate blood pressure (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3, NPR3-C5orf23, ADM, FURIN-FES, GOSR2, GNAS-EDN3); the other ten provide new clues to blood pressure physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with blood pressure in East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of blood pressure, and suggest potential novel therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention.     

短基线定位算法的设计与实现

以用于水池内的短基线定位系统,对船模进行精确定位为研究对象,建立了解算的定位数学模型,仿真和水池实验结果证明了理论的准确性和工程的可行性.并且从理论上分析了产生误差的原因,进行了仿真分析.     

固定化植物酯酶-显色剂传感膜的制备与性能

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)与四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)通过原位溶胶-凝胶法制备了PVA/SiO2有机/无机杂化溶胶,并将显色剂和植物酯酶分散于溶胶中,干燥成膜,得到一类透明度高、亲水-亲丙酮性可调、贮存性好的传感膜.该传感膜在乙酸-α-萘酯溶液中,会于可见光520 nm处出现一个新的吸收峰.传感膜在制备后的12天内活性明显下降,之后基本保持稳定,并且冷藏活性下降率要比室温保存的小很多.但不论是冷藏还是在室温下保存,被固定在杂化膜中的酶活稳定性都比在溶液状态下的明显提高.     

松花江哈尔滨段硅藻植物初报

本文报道了松花江哈尔滨段硅藻门植物,共发现100个分类单位,包括57种40变种3变型,分别隶属于2纲6目9科23属,初步分析了松花江哈尔滨段硅藻植物群落的种类组成及生态类型,大部分的硅藻属于普生种类,同时出现了一些喜酸种类如:Melosira granulate(Ehr．)Ralfs,Navicular viridula var．rostellata (Kutz．)Cl,Stauroneis anceps Ehr,Eunotia major W．Smith．等,还有少量的嗜碱性种类出现．     

胎生蜥蜴(Lacerta Vivipara Jacquin)消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

目的研究胎生蜥蜴(Lacerta V ivipara Jacquin)消化道嗜银细胞的分布密度及形态.方法应用Grimelius银染法.结果在胎生蜥蜴消化道中嗜银细胞分布广泛,见于其全长.其分布密度曲线大致呈“N”字形,其中胃部是嗜银细胞分布密度的高峰,幽门次之,回肠分布密度最低.嗜银细胞形态多样,主要以锥体形为主,其次还有梭形、椭圆形,条形等.广泛分布于上皮细胞基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮及腺泡之间.结论胎生蜥蜴消化道嗜银细胞分布型的形成与各部位消化功能有关;根据其形态,我们认为胎生蜥蜴消化道内嗜银细胞具有内、外分泌两种功能