A rice quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance encodes a sodium transporter

Many important agronomic traits in crop plants, including stress tolerance, are complex traits controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Isolation of these QTLs holds great promise to improve world agriculture but is a challenging task. We previously mapped a rice QTL, SKC1, that maintained K(+) homeostasis in the salt-tolerant variety under salt stress, consistent with the earlier finding that K(+) homeostasis is important in salt tolerance. To understand the molecular basis of this QTL, we isolated the SKC1 gene by map-based cloning and found that it encoded a member of HKT-type transporters. SKC1 is preferentially expressed in the parenchyma cells surrounding the xylem vessels. Voltage-clamp analysis showed that SKC1 protein functions as a Na(+)-selective transporter. Physiological analysis suggested that SKC1 is involved in regulating K(+)/Na(+) homeostasis under salt stress, providing a potential tool for improving salt tolerance in crops.     

Electrochromic effect in domain-inversion process in LiNbO3： Ru： Fe crystals

A reversible electrochromic effect accompanying domain-inversion during the electrical poling process in LiNbO3： Ru： Fe crystals at room temperature has been observed. In electrode area, both electrochromism and domain-inversion occur alternately, and electrochromism is also reversible during back-switch poling, which is experimentally verified and whose mechanism is briefly explained using a microstrncture ferroelectric model. In addition, because of the enhancing elcctrochromic effect, different from the undoped LiNbO3 crystals, the coercive filed （21.0 kV/mm or so） measured in LiNbO3： Ru： Fe is lower than its breakdown field, thus providing a possible new technique for realizing the domain-inversion by constant electric field rather than a pulsed one.     

A new microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater

This research provides a new insight into designing next-generation filtration materials for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater, and potentially for gas/solid or liquid/solid separation in corrosive environment. Considering the high corrosion and oxidation resistance, Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy and used as a mechanical support with a pore size of around 10 ?μm. Subsequently, metallic Zn nanoparticles was coated on the Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous framework by means of chemical vapor deposition, obtaining a novel microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture. Furthermore, the influence of Zn coating on surface morphology, pore feature, and filtration capability of Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was investigated. It is of note that the as-prepared microfiltration membrane exhibits an excellent Nano-pollutants filtration efficiency of greater than 99.989% from wastewater. Most importantly, such a three-dimensional reticular architecture provides excellent structural stability, allowing the reutilization of the microfiltration membrane for at least 200 filtration cycles of wastewater treatment.     

基于改进CGHT的光学遥感图像舰船尾迹检测

根据遥感图像舰船目标检测的实时性要求,提出了一种应用改进CGHT算法检测舰船尾迹的方法.通过加入舰船船体的检测结果,改进CGHT算法中种子点的选取方式,以改善尾迹检测的计算复杂度,并将检测重点侧重于舰船船体附近区域,避免尾迹检测的盲目性.实验表明,该算法显著减少了尾迹检测的运行时间,降低了伪尾迹引起的虚警,提高了尾迹定位的准确性.     

油层结构破坏和出砂导致油层污染的数值模拟

在油田开发过程中,由于胶结疏松的砂岩地层本身的胶结脆弱性、压力不平衡以及流体对砂粒的剪切、拖曳作用,会造成油层结构的破坏和出砂,影响到油田的正常开发。研究了造成油层结构破坏和出砂的机理,建立了相应的地质模型和数学模型,并采用有限元法对模型进行了求解。对常见的油层结构破坏的３种情况和实例进行了模拟计算。结果表明,本模型可以很好地模拟和预测由汕层结构破坏和出砂造成的油层污染过程及该类油层近井地带不同开发阶段的污染程度,对于油层的评价、增产措施的实施等具有重要意义。     

基于模拟机匣的中介轴承微弱故障特征提取技术

中介轴承是航空发动机支承传动系统中的重要零件,其运行状态直接影响航空发动机的工作状态和运行安全。围绕航空发动机中介轴承微弱故障特征信号提取的问题,以振动信号分析和处理为基础,开展航空发动机中介轴承微弱故障特征信号提取实验。仿照某型涡扇发动机机匣结构设计加工了模拟机匣,用来模拟振动信号的复杂传递路径。基于包络谱分析和经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition）包络谱分析处理振动信号,对比二者对滚动轴承微弱故障特征信号的提取效果。实验结果表明,在中介轴承微弱故障特征信号提取中,模拟机匣可以有效地模拟振动信号的复杂传递路径,EMD包络谱分析法比单一采用包络谱分析的方法能够更加明显有效地提取中介轴承微弱故障信号。     

开孔泡沫金属动态力学性能及能量特性

泡沫金属材料在防护吸能领域有着重要的应用前景,深入研究泡沫金属及其相关结构的冲击力学性能十分必要。通过Φ50 mm的分离式霍普金森杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB)装置对开孔泡沫金属Fe、Ni、Fe-Ni合金(50 mm×10 mm)进行动态冲击试验。试验分析了应变和应变率对其力学性能及吸能特性的影响,通过对其峰值应力、波动应力、理想吸能效率等参数的对比分析多种冲击速度下不同泡沫金属材料的抗压强度与吸能性,为建筑、航天等工程的使用提供理论基础。研究结果表明：高冲击速度下峰值应力增大且Fe-Ni合金抗压强度最高,不同材料泡沫金属均存在波动应力且压密阶段时间各不相同。应变率介于600～1 150时泡沫金属Ni吸能性最优,该区间外Fe-Ni合金更优。当应变率大于1 000时,Fe-Ni合金理想吸能效率增幅较大,相较于700时提高了48%、为最优理想吸能材料。     

基于水资源通用配置与模拟模型的邯郸市水资源优化配置

为实现区域水资源的动态调控,立足河北邯郸市水资源本底条件差且管理需求高的现状,利用水资源通用配置与模拟(general water allocation and simulation, GWAS)模型构建了基于自然-社会二元水循环的动态邯郸市水资源配置模型,在选用1980—2016年和2020年相关数据分别对模型水循环模块和配置模块开展参数率定和验证的基础上,对区域2025年和2035年平水年(保证率P=50%)、枯水年(P=75%)的水资源分别进行配置。结果表明：邯郸市2025年平水年和枯水年的配置水量分别为22.43×10⁸ m³和21.53×10⁸ m³,缺水率分别为11.70%和22.13%,缺水口主要在农业;2035年平水年和枯水年的配置水量分别为25.02×10⁸ m³和23.31×10⁸ m³,缺水率分别为4.53%和21.81%,其缺水情况较2025年明显改善;受邯郸市天然水资源匮乏和西高东...     

整体叶盘结构模态特性分析及应力分布规律

为了研究整体叶盘结构的模态特性及应力分布规律,基于有限元分析方法建立了整体叶盘结构有限元仿真模型,对自由状态及离心力载荷下的整体叶盘进行模态及振动特性分析;并探究实心与空心整体叶盘的应力分布差异及不同叶片间隙的整体叶盘应力分布规律。为了验证仿真结果的准确性,基于多点激励单点响应方法开展了整体叶盘结构模型的模态试验,并在多功能转子实验台上开展不同转速下应力测试试验。结果表明,该结构模态频率的仿真结果与试验测试结果误差在4%以内,验证了所建立的有限元仿真模型的正确性;应力测试试验验证了其不同转速下的应力分布规律;离心力载荷对整体叶盘二节径振动下固有频率影响最为显著;空心叶盘较实心叶盘应力集中现象更为突出,且叶片根部应力值会随着叶片间隙的增大而有明显提高。     

MnO_2/竹炭超级电容器电极材料的性能

采用机械球磨法将竹炭和MnO2按不同比例复合,得到一系列不同配比的MnO2/竹炭电容器电极复合材料,对其进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TG-DSC),并进行循环伏安和电化学充放电测试。结果发现,当MnO2在复合材料中的质量分数为1%时,电极比容量可以达到338 F/g,100次循环后维持在260 F/g,显示很好的电化学性能。