首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   7029篇
  免费   96篇
  国内免费   41篇
系统科学   1104篇
丛书文集   11篇
教育与普及   15篇
理论与方法论   275篇
现状及发展   879篇
研究方法   11篇
综合类   4871篇
  2025年   2篇
  2024年   21篇
  2023年   8篇
  2022年   19篇
  2021年   13篇
  2020年   15篇
  2019年   3篇
  2018年   733篇
  2017年   737篇
  2016年   443篇
  2015年   51篇
  2014年   27篇
  2013年   33篇
  2012年   291篇
  2011年   983篇
  2010年   855篇
  2009年   483篇
  2008年   542篇
  2007年   808篇
  2006年   34篇
  2005年   76篇
  2004年   163篇
  2003年   182篇
  2002年   96篇
  2001年   52篇
  2000年   37篇
  1999年   67篇
  1998年   48篇
  1997年   48篇
  1996年   39篇
  1995年   49篇
  1994年   33篇
  1993年   28篇
  1992年   28篇
  1991年   30篇
  1990年   21篇
  1989年   26篇
  1988年   15篇
  1987年   7篇
  1986年   7篇
  1985年   2篇
  1984年   2篇
  1981年   2篇
  1979年   1篇
  1978年   2篇
  1974年   1篇
  1972年   1篇
  1967年   2篇
排序方式: 共有7166条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
This paper addresses the problem of multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation. In disaster rescue, due to the dynamics of environments, heterogeneity and complexity of tasks as well as limited available agents, it is hard for the single-objective and single (task)-to-single (agent) task allocation approaches to handle task allocation in such circumstances. To this end, two multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation models are proposed for disaster rescues in this paper. First, through coalition formation, the proposed models enable agents to cooperatively perform complex tasks that cannot be completed by single agent. In addition, through adjusting the weights of multiple task allocation objectives, the proposed models can employ the linear programming to generate more adaptive task allocation plans, which can satisfy different task allocation requirements in disaster rescue. Finally, through employing the multi-stage task allocation mechanism of the dynamic programming, the proposed models can handle the dynamics of tasks and agents in disaster environments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed models have good performance on coalition formation for task allocation in disaster environments, which can generate suitable task allocation plans according to various objectives of task allocation.  相似文献   
192.
根据区域房地产行业的成本结构特点,基于政府地价控制行为建立有限理性房地产寡头动态Coumot模型,并分别用理论和数字模拟的方法对其复杂性加以分析.结果表明,区域房地产寡头完全静态博弈Nash均衡在现实中是通过有限理性、不完全信息动态重复博弈达成的;在房产开发商生产技术和管理水平一定下,政府对地价的控制决定区域房地产寡头动态博弈均衡的性质和路径,从而决定房地产开发市场的类型和均衡稳定性.  相似文献   
193.
The engagement model for problem solving was developed as a response to soft systems methodology being difficult to implement in certain circumstances. In the years since the original paper was published, the model has developed into an iterative problem solving approach for the assessment, creation and implementation of new ideas in difficult problem situations. This case study paper exemplifies the kind of work undertaken through the use of the model and provides a practical scenario for how one might apply it. The case study takes place in a higher education environment and relates to the development of a capstone course for management majors. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.  相似文献   
194.
This article offers our reflections around a case of facilitating systemic thinking and practice in which the first author of the article (Tlale) interacted with research participants/participant researchers with the intention of strengthening systemic thought and action toward fostering inclusive education in the setting (a rural school in the Eastern Cape in South Africa). We reflect upon the process and also how our engagement was perceived by participants, as expressed in feedback received from them. We point to how Tlale introduced the idea of systemic thinking (to teachers, school management team, school governing body, and a district officer for the district) as tied to the possibility of acting to generate transformation toward a more inclusive educational context for the benefit of the learners at the school in question, thus acting as a systemic mediator on their behalf.  相似文献   
195.
In this paper, we investigate the growth of meromorphic solutions of higher order linear differential equation f^(k) +Ak-1 (z)e^Pk-1^(z) f^(k-1) +…+A1 (z)e^P1(z) f′ +Ao(z)e^Po(z) f = 0 (k ≤ 2), where Pj(z) (j = 0, 1,..., k - 1) are nonconstant polynomials such that deg Pj = n (j = 0, 1,..., k - 1) and Aj(z)(≠ 0) (j = 0, 1,..., k - 1) are meromorphic functions with order p(Aj) 〈 n (j = 0, 1,..., k - 1).  相似文献   
196.
This paper reflects on my experience as an insider researcher attempting to use critical systems ideas and practices to promote quality improvement in a university engineering department. Reflection is a key part of learning. This paper is intended to contribute to critically, self-reflective learning for the community of systems practitioners. These reflections on my questions about participation, ethics, politics of process, and the choices and actions resulting from them may help others to formulate their own. The complexity of systems practice places substantial demands on the researcher, particularly in the case of insider, practitioner research. Nevertheless, the exploration of critical systems approaches to critique boundaries and structure ‘problems’ in the core aspects of higher education in locally meaningful ways should continue. While demanding, it still can work to promote learning about authentic quality.  相似文献   
197.
Most inventory researches assume that production level can fluctuate arbitrarily. However, large fluctuation of the production level in many firms may be much costly. This paper addresses the coordinating pricing and inventory control problem in a bounded production system with uncertain yield, in which the production level is constrained between a maximum and minimum level in each period and the price can be adjusted dynamically. We show that the optimal policy is the interval base-stock-list-price policy. Also, we study the impact of the production bounds and uncertainty of the yield on the production system. Numerical experiments are also performed to study the impact of parameters on the system.  相似文献   
198.
Traditional econometrics has long employed "points" to measure time series data. In real life situations, however, it suffers the loss of volatility information, since many variables are bounded by intervals in a given period. To address this issue, this paper provides a new methodology for interval time series analysis. The concept of "interval stochastic process" is formally defined as a counterpart of "stochastic process" in point-based econometrics. The authors introduce the concepts of interval stationarity, interval statistics (including interval mean, interval variance, etc.) and propose an interval linear model to investigate the dynamic relationships between interval processes. A new interval-based optimization approach for estimation is proposed, and corresponding evaluation criteria are derived. To demonstrate that the new interval method provides valid results, an empirical example on the sterling-dollar exchange rate is presented.  相似文献   
199.
Langevin equation is widely used to study the stochastic effects in molecular networks, as it often approximates well the underlying chemical master equation. However, frequently it is not clear when such an approximation is applicable and when it breaks down. This paper studies the simple Schnakenberg model consisting of three reversible reactions and two molecular species whose concentrations vary. To reduce the residual errors from the conventional formulation of the Langevin equation, the authors propose to explicitly model the effective coupling between macroscopic concentrations of different molecular species. The results show that this formulation is effective in correcting residual errors from the original uncoupled Langevin equation and can approximate the underlying chemical master equation very accurately.  相似文献   
200.
The approach of available transfer capability (denoted as ATC) incorporating wind generation has been paid very high attention since the development of wind generation. Based on the maximum function, this paper presents an ATC model. The characteristic of the new model is twofold. First, it considers wind turbines connected to power system and static security of power system simultaneously. Second, it is a system of semismooth equations and can be solved easily. By using the smoothing strategy, a smoothing Newton method is adopted for solving the proposed new ATC model. Numerical simulation results of the IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus system show that the new model and algorithm are feasible and effective. The impact of wind turbines connected to power system on ATC is also analyzed.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号