Polycystins 1 and 2 mediate mechanosensation in the primary cilium of kidney cells

Several proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) localize to cilia. Furthermore, cilia are malformed in mice with PKD with mutations in TgN737Rpw (encoding polaris). It is not known, however, whether ciliary dysfunction occurs or is relevant to cyst formation in PKD. Here, we show that polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), proteins respectively encoded by Pkd1 and Pkd2, mouse orthologs of genes mutated in human autosomal dominant PKD, co-distribute in the primary cilia of kidney epithelium. Cells isolated from transgenic mice that lack functional PC1 formed cilia but did not increase Ca(2+) influx in response to physiological fluid flow. Blocking antibodies directed against PC2 similarly abolished the flow response in wild-type cells as did inhibitors of the ryanodine receptor, whereas inhibitors of G-proteins, phospholipase C and InsP(3) receptors had no effect. These data suggest that PC1 and PC2 contribute to fluid-flow sensation by the primary cilium in renal epithelium and that they both function in the same mechanotransduction pathway. Loss or dysfunction of PC1 or PC2 may therefore lead to PKD owing to the inability of cells to sense mechanical cues that normally regulate tissue morphogenesis.     

Life cycle assessment in the environmental impact evaluation of urbandevelopment——a case study of land readjustment project,Hyogo District, Japan

In this paper, the Life Cycle of Urban Development was firstly analyzed, and the phases of Life Cycle Assessment applied to Urban Development (ULCA) were described. As a case study, ULCA was applied in the environmental impact assessment of the land readjustment project of Hyogo District of Saga, Japan. In addition, mitigation proposals for reducing CO2 were also presented and the relevant environmental ef-fects were simulated.     

高等教育公平与民办高教非营利性的政策维护

我国高等教育，无论是在过去的计划经济体制下，还是在今天的社会主义市场经济条件下，抑或是以后进入高等教育普及的发展阶段，教育的非营利性都是绝对不能够摒弃的。从追求高等教育公平的角度出发，分析民办高等教育的营利性问题，并给出相应的维护手段。方能在理论研究与实践之间架设桥梁并找到平衡点。     

人——管理信息系统中的重要因素

通过对MIS开发普遍失败的原因分析，重点说明了以往在MIS的开发和使用中人的因素所存在的问题。针对我国目前在MIS建设中忽略各种人员对MIS开发成功的影响而产生的问题，提出了应对的措施与建议。     

重庆市兽类资源及其区系分析

重庆市目前已知兽类117种，隶属于9目、31科、79属，其中，东洋界种88种，古北界种19种，季风型及广布种10种，地理分布上处于盆中平原丘陵省的物种仅54种，盆地东北缘大巴山省有85种，盆地东南缘山地省有79种，同时还探讨了重庆市兽类的生物多样性和资源类型。     

试论学习策略与外语教学

学习策略是影响第二外语习得的一个很重要的因素，因此通过对学生学习策略的理论分析，进一步认识和理解外语教学改革的必要性和紧迫性。同时，外语教学应根据学生学习策略上的变化而发生相应的变化，主要进行以下三个方面的变化：课程建设与教学内容；教学方法与教学手段；外语教师自身素质等。     

吸油材料的发展

着重叙述了吸油材料的发展历史，种类，吸油机理，性能指标及应用领域等，并对吸油材料的前景作了展望。     

关于S-W BPRE灭绝概率积分表示的构作举例

利用分式线性概率母函数的特性 ,借助对偶过程及其函数变换 ,在作了一些适当的特殊假设的情况下 ,探讨了随机环境分枝过程 BPRE的灭绝概率的具体表示形式 ;并通过两个举例 ,构作了两类独立同分布随机环境分枝过程灭绝概率的积分表示。从而在特殊情况下 ,可通过简单的积分计算求得随机环境分枝过程的灭绝概率。     

应用APLAC对有覆盖层微带贴片天线研究

采用时域有限差分法软件模拟具有覆盖层微带贴片天线，求解出与实验结果有极好的吻合的谐振频率，讨论了不同介质覆盖和空气隙对3GHz向带贴片天线谐振率影响。     

带有渐近条件奇异微分方程的有界解

应用Schauder不动点定理考虑一类带有渐近条件的二阶奇异微分方程, 证明其有界解的存在性, 从而将北极环流模型有界解的结论推广到一般的二阶奇异微分方程中.