关于国家重点实验室科研组织形式的思考

目前国家重点实验室进入了新的发展阶段,主流的科研组织形式——PI制已经不能充分适应科技发展和国家重点实验室发展的需求。分子生物学国家重点实验室借鉴大项目管理所采用的首席科学家负责制,在重点实验室管理中引入研究团队及研究团队负责人负责制,提出一种复合型的科研组织形式——“点一群一阵”结构。通过合理的队伍构建和资源配置,PI既能以研究组为基本单元进行自由探索,又可组成团队发挥群体优势、联合攻关。     

电沉积法制备不锈钢镀层

本文用电化学方法制备 Fe-Cr-Ni 合金镀层。讨论了电沉积条件对形成 304不锈钢锭层的影响。实验结果指出:在常温、低的pH值及适当的电流密度下,镀液中的Cr~(3+)和Ni~(2+)含量达到一定的比值,可以获得成分与不锈钢(18Cr/9Ni)相似的铁铬镍合金镀层。     

《景德镇陶录》探析

这篇论文对《景德镇陶录》之成书缘起、主要内容进行了较深入的探讨,认为此书是中国第一部较完整的景德镇陶瓷史专著,对于古令官民名窑、制作工艺、分工状况、瓷业民俗以及陶瓷贸易等无不备述,具有鲜明的地方特色,对于研究景德镇陶瓷的发展,尤其是明清时期官民瓷业的生产技术成就和生产方式,具有极为重要的参考价值。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系砂砾岩储层主控因素

准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系碎屑岩储层的岩石学特征和物性特征的研究表明:克—百地区储层类型主要是小砾岩和砂砾岩,物性以夏子街组(P2x)为好,风城组(P_1f)和下乌尔禾组(P_2w)较差,上乌尔禾组(P3w)较好;车—拐地区储层类型主要是砂砾岩和小砾岩,物性以下乌尔禾组(P2w)为最好,上乌尔禾组(P_3w)及佳木河组(P_1j)次之.在此基础上,通过对岩芯、薄片、测井,录井及扫r电镜资料的分析,研究了沉积环境及成岩作用对准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系砂砾岩储层物性的控制作用.研究区以扇三角洲沉积相为主,其前缘水下分流河道微相水动力条件最强,储层的泥质杂基含量最低、物性最好;平原分流河道微相水动力条件较强,在合适的条件下也可以形成优质储层;前缘水下分流河道间、平原漫滩、平原沼泽等微相由于水动力条件较弱,沉积物泥质杂基含量较高,难以形成有效储层;研究区少量发育的冲积扇相沉积物的物性大多数较差,仅扇中及扇缘的部分河道沉积物物性较好.研究区对储层物性影响明显的成岩作用主要是压实、胶结、溶蚀作用,其中压实作用是储层物性最主要的破坏性成岩作用,造成了储层物性不可逆的降低;依胶结物含量的不同,胶结作用对储层物性具有双重作用;溶蚀作用是产生次生孔隙和裂缝,并具有连通作用的最重要的建设性成岩作用.总结了研究区砂砾岩储层的主控因素:沉积相带是控制碎屑岩储层物性的关键因素,压实作用强度是决定碎屑岩储层物性条件的主要因素,胶结作用的发育程度对储层原生孔隙的保存和次生孔隙发育影响较大,酸性孔隙流体运动活跃的疏导层是溶蚀孔隙发育区和油气聚集的有利区带.     

大气中卤烃化合物的气相色谱分析——Carbotrap热脱附

作者研究以Ｃａｒｂｏｔｒａｐ作吸附剂，采集大气中卤烃化合物，并直接采用热脱附气相色谱法，对新型吸附剂Ｃａｒｂｏｔｒａｐ的突破体积、回收率、分析精度、固定液的选择等作了试验。本法具有灵敏度高、色谱峰形好、吸附剂可反复使用等优点，可对大气中ｐｐｂ级卤烃化合物进行测定     

声子色散对激子结合能的影响

本文计及纵光学声子的色散关系,计算了TlCl和TlBr中激子的结合能,得到了比较好的结果。     

4种腹足纲动物粗蛋白的凝集作用

采用来自5种脊椎动物的8种血细胞、7种微生物单细胞、5种藻类细胞，对4种海产腹足纲动物凝集素进行筛选，均检测到凝集活性。绵羊红细胞、啤酒酵母、紫球藻对凝集反应最为敏感。4种动物凝集素普遍不耐高温，60℃或65℃下15min即全部失活，凝集反应的适宜pH为6．5-8．0，其凝集性能可能分别被不同的糖所抑制，但均可被0．02mol／LEDTA抑制。     

Effect of H2S concentration on the corrosion behavior of pipeline steel under the coexistence of H2S and CO2

The effect of H2S concentration on H2S/CO2 corrosion of API-X60 steel was studied by scanning electron microscopy, a weight-loss method, potentiodynamic polarization tests, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. It is found that the cor-rosion process of the steel in an environment where H2S and CO2 coexist at different H2S concentrations is related to the morphological structure and stability of the corrosion product film. With the addition of a small amount of H2S, the size of the anode reaction region is de-creased due to constant adsorption and separation of more FeS sediment or more FeHS＋ions on the surface of the steel. Meanwhile, the dou-ble-layer capacitance is diminished with increasing anion adsorption capacity. Therefore, the corrosion process is inhibited. The general cor-rosion rate of the steel rapidly decreases after the addition of a small amount of H2S under the coexistence of H2S and CO2. With a further increase in H2S concentration, certain parts of the corrosion product film become loose and even fall off. Thus, the protection provided by the corrosion product film worsens, and the corrosion rate tends to increase.     

收敛正项级数余项r_n的最优估计

对收敛正项级数余项r_n的估计有个优劣问题,本文对这个问题作了研究。首先给出正项级数余项r_n的最优估计概念,并指出这种最优估计的基本性质和意义,证明最优估计的两个充要条件,还给出了三个充分性定理(判别法)。最后的例子是判别法的应用和最优估计概念的实例说明。     

Enhancive effect of N,N′-dinitrosopiperazine on inducing precancerous lesion on nasal and/or nasopharyngeal epithelia of TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT mice

Objective: To investigate the enhancive effect of N,N′-dinitrosopiperazine (DNP) on induced carcinogenesis in nasal and/or nasopharyngeal epithelia among TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT transgenic mice to examine the underlying mechanism for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT transgenic mice and the same strain of C₅₇BL/6J wild-type mice both at the age of 5 months were randomly divided into 2 groups in parallel, respectively, i.e., TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT cancerous lesion-inducing group (TI), TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT control group (TC), C₅₇BL/6J cancerous lesion-inducing group (CI), and C₅₇BL/6J control group (CC). TI and CI mice were treated only with DNP for 16 weeks, twice each week, while TC and CC mice were given the same volume of saline as controls. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed to collect epithelial tissue samples from nasal cavity and nasopharynx for pathohistological evaluation by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and for determination on the expression of TRAF2, c-Jun, and p16 by immunohistochemistry. Results: Atypical hyperplasia was more significant in the samples of TI than in those of TC, CI, and CC, with the rates of lesions being 90%, 10%, 0, and 0 (P<0.01) respectively, though DNP was used alone in a much shortened inducing period at less dosage and without the use of carcinogenic promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate as usual. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and c-Jun in these samples were significantly up-regulated in TI (P<0.01), while the expression of p16 was significantly lower in TI than in the other groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT mice hold inherited constitutional defect in immune surveillance function, which can be aggravated by environmental carcinogens, such as DNP used even though in a much less strength. The enhanced carcinogenesis-inducing effect of DNP on TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT mice should be closely associated with abnormal signaling of activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway, especially up-regulated expressions of TRAF2 and c-Jun, and down-regulated expression of p16.