The Entropy of System Decreases with the Deflection from the Equiprobability Distribution

1　IntroductionEntropy,asameasurementthatdescribestheuncertaintyofsubsystemsdistributioninasystem,hasdevelopedunceasingly.First,R.J.E.Clausiusintroduceditintothermodynamics,asastatefunction,todescribetheauto-evolutionabilityofthestate.Thedifferenceofentropybetweenthetwostatesequalstothequantityofheatabsorbedbythesysteminanisothermalprocess,thatisS2-S1=∫21dQT(1)　　L.E.Boltzmannconnecteditwiththeuncertaintyofsubsystemsdistributioninathermodynamicalsystem.Theentropyofathermodynamicalsystem…     

虚拟企业协作博弈中的双优策略

讨论了目前供应链中的虚拟企业的基本概念及出现的背景 ,介绍了动态联盟为基础的敏捷制造模式 ,从对偶线性规划和双层规划的思想出发 ,在虚拟企业中共赢策略的基础上提出双优的实施策略 ,论述了达到双优所需要的条件及可行性 ,最后讨论了供应链的敏捷性 .     

一种时空联合约束的多源航迹相似性度量模型

针对传统方法无法有效度量多源异步航迹时空相似性的问题,该文提出了一种适用于多源异步航迹的相似性度量模型。基于时间和空间联合约束下寻找近似时空特征匹配点的思想,通过设置时间和空间阈值上寻找符合要求的匹配点,并通过空间相似函数度量匹配点的相似性,确定最优匹配点并计算多源航迹间的航迹时空相似度。实测数据表明,该模型可以有效度量异类传感器航迹的相似性,且时间性能较优。基于该模型的航迹关联算法在仿真的复杂多目标环境中的关联准确性优于现有算法,且在对海雷达误差估计中得到了应用。     

Design of radiation hard phase-locked loop at 2.5 GHz using SOS-CMOS

Abstract: A radiation hard phase-locked loop (PLL) is designed at 2.5 GHz using silicon on sapphire complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process. Radiation hardness is achieved through improving circuit design without sacrificing real estate. Stability is guaranteed by a fully self-bias architecture. The lock time of PLL is minimized by maximizing the loop bandwidth. Frequency tuning range of voltage controlled oscillator is significantly enhanced by a novel load configuration. In addition, multiple bias stages, asynchronous frequency divider, and silicon on sapphire process jointly make the proposed PLL more radiation hard. Layout of this PLL is simulated by Cadence Spectre RF under both single event effect and total induced dose effect. Simulation results demonstrate excellent stability, lock time < 600 ns, frequency tuning range [1.57 GHz, 3.46 GHz], and jitter < 12 ps. Through comparison with PLLs in literatures, the PLL is especially superior in terms of lock time and frequency tuning range performances.     

最优线性网络编码的分布式构造方法

针对单源组播网络,在合理的假设条件下,提出了最优线性网络编码(在吞吐率最大的前提下编码代价最小)的分布式构造方法。首先对线性网络编码的机理进行分析,得出了不同组播率下编码方案间的内在联系,导出了一个在线测试组播容量的策略;提出的方法以遗传算法为搜索引擎,结合随机线性网络编码,嵌入了在线测试组播容量的策略。通过合理地设计编码系数的生成规则和进化策略,在获得最大吞吐率前提下达到最小编码信道数的同时,构造出相应的编码方案,且编码系数保存在各节点中,从而可以采用确定性网络编码数据传输策略传输数据。仿真结果表明提出的方法是有效的。     

Design and implementation of 1 GHz high speed data acquisition system

With the development of current electronic technology, numerous high-speed data acquisition systems provide a variety of potential benefits. This article describes a high-speed data acquisition system which consists of ECL logic and TTL logic devices, samples and stores data with a 1 GHz clock. This system is accomplished easily and works stably. A performance test of this system has been undertaken and the results show that the effective number of bits (ENOB) is more than 6.5 bits.     

公司超额银行借款与诉讼风险

公司诉讼风险的影响因素已得到学术界的广泛关注,但目前的研究较少从公司融资行为角度探讨,本文以2003-2015年中国A股上市公司为研究对象,探讨超额银行借款与公司诉讼风险之间的关系.实证研究发现,公司超额银行借款与诉讼风险存在显著正相关关系,公司内部控制水平的提高以及地区法律环境的改善可以显著弱化二者的正相关关系,并且公司内部控制与地区法律环境在弱化公司超额银行借款引起的诉讼风险过程中存在相互替代的关系.本文从公司超额银行借款行为出发,拓展了公司诉讼风险影响因素的研究视角;同时结合内部控制和地区法律环境,丰富了宏观环境对公司微观主体行为影响的研究.     

Self-alignment of full skewed RSINS：observability analysis and full-observable Kalman filter

Traditional orthogonal strapdown inertial navigation sys-tem （SINS） cannot achieve satisfactory self-alignment accuracy in the stationary base： taking more than 5 minutes and al the iner-tial sensors biases cannot get ful observability except the up-axis accelerometer. However, the ful skewed redundant SINS （RSINS） can not only enhance the reliability of the system, but also improve the accuracy of the system, such as the initial alignment. Firstly, the observability of the system state includes attitude errors and al the inertial sensors biases are analyzed with the global perspective method： any three gyroscopes and three accelerometers can be assembled into an independent subordinate SINS （sub-SINS）;the system state can be uniquely confirmed by the coupling connec-tions of al the sub-SINSs;the attitude errors and random constant biases of al the inertial sensors are observable. However, the ran-dom noises of the inertial sensors are not taken into account in the above analyzing process. Secondly, the ful-observable Kalman filter which can be applied to the actual RSINS containing random noises is established; the system state includes the position, ve-locity, attitude errors of al the sub-SINSs and the random constant biases of the redundant inertial sensors. At last, the initial self-alignment process of a typical four-redundancy ful skewed RSINS is simulated： the horizontal attitudes （pitch, rol ） errors and yaw error can be exactly evaluated within 80 s and 100 s respectively, while the random constant biases of gyroscopes and accelero-meters can be precisely evaluated within 120 s. For the ful skewed RSINS, the self-alignment accuracy is greatly improved, mean-while the self-alignment time is widely shortened.     

Azimuth resolution improvement for spaceborne SAR images with quasi-non-overlapped Doppler bandwidth

The azimuth resolution improvement problem is solved via a coherent combination of synthetic aperture radar （SAR） ima-ges with the quasi-non-overlapped Doppler bandwidth. Prior to the spectra combination, SAR images should be coregistered, while phase biases induced by topography, atmospheric propagation delays and baseline measurement errors should be calibrated. However, the coregistration accuracy suffers from large Doppler decorrelation caused by the quasi-non-overlapped Doppler band-width. Furthermore, the method used to estimate phase biases from interferogram of azimuth prefiltered SAR image pairs wil fail when there is no overlapped spectrum. The fringe simulation and maximum sharpness optimization are adopted to deal with the problems. Accordingly, a novel algorithm to coherently synthesize SAR images is presented. The experiment with the Terra SAR X-band （TerraSAR-X） satel ite data validates the performance of the presented method.     

交叉销售下价格和存货影响需求的特价商品经济订货批量模型

交叉销售是一种经常采用的市场营销方式,对提高销售商市场占有率起着重要作用. 考虑特价商品与相关商品存在交叉销售,其需求与价格和库存水平有关,有现货时会促进相关商品销售,缺货时顾客等待意愿受价格和时间共同影响,构造了一个新的短缺量滞后供给分数,建立了相应的经济订货批量模型（economic order quantity model,简称EOQ模型）. 从理论上分析了模型唯一最优解存在的条件和相关的管理启示. 采用数值仿真研究了价格和时间敏感因子、需求相关因子等参数对销售商订货策略和平均利润的影响. 研究结果表明：特价商品销售价、有现货和缺货时间均存在一个合理范围,其中销售价在一定条件下不能超过某一固定值,缺货时间存在一个下限,当价格和时间敏感因子、需求相关因子和两种商品销售价与采购价之差增加时,应尽量减少缺货时间;当特价商品销售价高于该固定值时,有现货和缺货时间存在一个上限;在一定条件下,提高特价商品销售价会减少销售商整体收益.