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Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit
by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer’s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit
and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming
that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static
model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the
tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he
will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is
audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first
stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the
interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding
two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption
that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another
static model with self-audit and investigate its properties.
This research is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60674082, 70221001,
and 70731003. 相似文献
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186.
A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. 相似文献
187.
生态伦理学是在生态文化的学术背景下兴起的一门学科.文章试图从生态伦理学的学科角度来解读土家族作家李传锋的动物小说力作<红豺>,探讨和挖掘<红豺>中"尊重物种的生命,呼唤人与自然和谐相处"的生态伦理追求. 相似文献
188.
Dot pattern is a type of pattern defined by specific spatial relationship among some dots. As a compensation for concrete and meaningful visual stimuli, meaningless dot pattern can be used as stimuli in learning tasks. We performed an experiment for exploring the perceptual learning process of dot pattern against random-dot background. Participants were required to learn two types of dot patterns (9-dot and 11-dot). They were assigned to two groups: participants in Group 1 learned 9-dot pattern first and 11-dot pattern later, while those in Group 2 learned 11-dot pattern first and 9-dot pattern later. The results showed that participants could acquire the spatial relationship of dot pattern through perceptual learning in relatively short learning time. In comparison with 9-dot pattern, learning time of 11-dot pattern was slightly longer and its accuracy rate lower, but there was significant positive transfer effect from 11-dot pattern learning to 9-dot learning. 相似文献
189.
本研究用三点弯曲实验测定了铝含量为43at·%~56at·%的Ti-Al二元合金的力学性能;利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜研究了不同成分合金的微观组织和变形亚结构。实验结果表明:根据不同成分合金的微观组织可将其分成三类,即:γ-TiAl单相组织(52at·%~56at·%Al);双态组织(46at·%~50at·%Al)和全片层结构晶粒组织(43at·%~46at·%Al),其中以具有细晶双态组织的合金具有较好的塑性变形能力。本文从微观组织结构和变形位错组态的变化,探讨了合金成分对TiAl基有序合金塑性变形的影响机制。 相似文献
190.
本文将资本存量的调整成本引入到Jorgenson投资模型,以说明资本存量是如何调整达到最优资本存量的问题。 相似文献