表面增强拉曼散射光谱同时检测4种痕量多环芳烃

合成了植酸保护的纳米金,其具有较强的疏水性和表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性.利用小型拉曼光谱仪和分子光谱的指纹信息特征,建立可同时分析水中多种多环芳烃的SERS分析方法.多环芳烃检出限如下:蒽为100μg/L,荧蒽为100μg/L,芘达到10μg/L和苯并芘可达1μg/L.     

BAI1 is an engulfment receptor for apoptotic cells upstream of the ELMO/Dock180/Rac module

Engulfment and subsequent degradation of apoptotic cells is an essential step that occurs throughout life in all multicellular organisms. ELMO/Dock180/Rac proteins are a conserved signalling module for promoting the internalization of apoptotic cell corpses; ELMO and Dock180 function together as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the small GTPase Rac, and thereby regulate the phagocyte actin cytoskeleton during engulfment. However, the receptor(s) upstream of the ELMO/Dock180/Rac module are still unknown. Here we identify brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) as a receptor upstream of ELMO and as a receptor that can bind phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells. BAI1 is a seven-transmembrane protein belonging to the adhesion-type G-protein-coupled receptor family, with an extended extracellular region and no known ligands. We show that BAI1 functions as an engulfment receptor in both the recognition and subsequent internalization of apoptotic cells. Through multiple lines of investigation, we identify phosphatidylserine, a key 'eat-me' signal exposed on apoptotic cells, as a ligand for BAI1. The thrombospondin type 1 repeats within the extracellular region of BAI1 mediate direct binding to phosphatidylserine. As with intracellular signalling, BAI1 forms a trimeric complex with ELMO and Dock180, and functional studies suggest that BAI1 cooperates with ELMO/Dock180/Rac to promote maximal engulfment of apoptotic cells. Last, decreased BAI1 expression or interference with BAI1 function inhibits the engulfment of apoptotic targets ex vivo and in vivo. Thus, BAI1 is a phosphatidylserine recognition receptor that can directly recruit a Rac-GEF complex to mediate the uptake of apoptotic cells.     

Complex gas hydrate from the Cascadia margin

Natural gas hydrates are a potential source of energy and may play a role in climate change and geological hazards. Most natural gas hydrate appears to be in the form of 'structure I', with methane as the trapped guest molecule, although 'structure II' hydrate has also been identified, with guest molecules such as isobutane and propane, as well as lighter hydrocarbons. A third hydrate structure, 'structure H', which is capable of trapping larger guest molecules, has been produced in the laboratory, but it has not been confirmed that it occurs in the natural environment. Here we characterize the structure, gas content and composition, and distribution of guest molecules in a complex natural hydrate sample recovered from Barkley canyon, on the northern Cascadia margin. We show that the sample contains structure H hydrate, and thus provides direct evidence for the natural occurrence of this hydrate structure. The structure H hydrate is intimately associated with structure II hydrate, and the two structures contain more than 13 different hydrocarbon guest molecules. We also demonstrate that the stability field of the complex gas hydrate lies between those of structure II and structure H hydrates, indicating that this form of hydrate is more stable than structure I and may thus potentially be found in a wider pressure-temperature regime than can methane hydrate deposits.     

Abrupt onset of a second energy gap at the superconducting transition of underdoped Bi2212

The superconducting gap--an energy scale tied to the superconducting phenomena--opens on the Fermi surface at the superconducting transition temperature (T(c)) in conventional BCS superconductors. In underdoped high-T(c) superconducting copper oxides, a pseudogap (whose relation to the superconducting gap remains a mystery) develops well above T(c) (refs 1, 2). Whether the pseudogap is a distinct phenomenon or the incoherent continuation of the superconducting gap above T(c) is one of the central questions in high-T(c) research. Although some experimental evidence suggests that the two gaps are distinct, this issue is still under intense debate. A crucial piece of evidence to firmly establish this two-gap picture is still missing: a direct and unambiguous observation of a single-particle gap tied to the superconducting transition as function of temperature. Here we report the discovery of such an energy gap in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta in the momentum space region overlooked in previous measurements. Near the diagonal of Cu-O bond direction (nodal direction), we found a gap that opens at T(c) and has a canonical (BCS-like) temperature dependence accompanied by the appearance of the so-called Bogoliubov quasi-particles, a classical signature of superconductivity. This is in sharp contrast to the pseudogap near the Cu-O bond direction (antinodal region) measured in earlier experiments.     

Polo inhibits progenitor self-renewal and regulates Numb asymmetry by phosphorylating Pon

Self-renewal and differentiation are cardinal features of stem cells. Asymmetric cell division provides one fundamental mechanism by which stem cell self-renewal and differentiation are balanced. A failure of this balance could lead to diseases such as cancer. During asymmetric division of stem cells, factors controlling their self-renewal and differentiation are unequally segregated between daughter cells. Numb is one such factor that is segregated to the differentiating daughter cell during the stem-cell-like neuroblast divisions in Drosophila melanogaster, where it inhibits self-renewal. The localization and function of Numb is cell-cycle-dependent. Here we show that Polo (ref. 13), a key cell cycle regulator, the mammalian counterparts of which have been implicated as oncogenes as well as tumour suppressors, acts as a tumour suppressor in the larval brain. Supernumerary neuroblasts are produced at the expense of neurons in polo mutants. Polo directly phosphorylates Partner of Numb (Pon, ref. 16), an adaptor protein for Numb, and this phosphorylation event is important for Pon to localize Numb. In polo mutants, the asymmetric localization of Pon, Numb and atypical protein kinase C are disrupted, whereas other polarity markers are largely unaffected. Overexpression of Numb suppresses neuroblast overproliferation caused by polo mutations, suggesting that Numb has a major role in mediating this effect of Polo. Our results reveal a biochemical link between the cell cycle and the asymmetric protein localization machinery, and indicate that Polo can inhibit progenitor self-renewal by regulating the localization and function of Numb.     

三维连通网状SiC陶瓷/Zr基非晶复合材料动态变形特征

利用分离式霍普金森压杆装置,对三维连通网状SiC陶瓷/Zr基非晶复合材料进行不同应变率下的动态压缩实验,采用扫描电子显微镜研究复合材料的动态变形特征和断口形貌.结果表明:复合材料的动态压缩强度随着打击速度的增加而增加;试样发生劈裂和剪切断裂,陶瓷相断口形貌为层片状、台阶式的解理断裂,非晶合金发生粘性流动,断口形貌复杂多样.在应变率＞104 s-1的冲击载荷下,非晶相表现为软化后的多重脊状条带.复合材料断口上大量的非晶球形液滴及非晶软化条带的发现表明,绝热温升在非晶变形与断裂过程中起重要作用.     

关于社会主义新农村建设有关问题的辩证思考

建设社会主义新农村既是一个涉及到经济、政治、文化和社会建设等方面的系统工程,又是一个包含着理念、战略和实践等多重规定在内的综合课题。有必要对涉及社会主义新农村建设的价值取向、个性特征和主体选择等根本性问题进行理性分析,从目标与目的的关系、共性与个性的关系、内容与形式的关系、主导与主体的关系、阶段与过程的关系等方面进行深入的辩证思考。     

一种时空权重和边缘自适应的扫描格式转换

为实现隔行扫描到逐行扫描的视频扫描格式转换,提出了一种时空权重和边缘自适应的去隔行算法,主要包括运动估计、小角度边缘搜索、时空权重计算、自适应插值等。该算法通过4场相邻像素的最大灰度变化与运动阈值比较实现对当前像素的运动估计,采用自适应搜索半径和并行搜索树的方法实现小角度边缘检测,并且增加对半像素边缘的考虑实现最小6°边缘的检测,最后通过时空权重自适应的插值算法实现去隔行处理,取得很好的处理效果。     

激光相变热处理对TC４电子束焊缝残余应力的影响

利用CO２激光相变热处理技术对TC４钛合金电子束焊缝进行了处理,研究了激光功率、光斑直径、 辅助气体等激光工艺参数对电子束焊缝残余应力分布的影响。实验结果表明,激光相变热处理改善了焊缝残余 应力的分布,使焊缝表面残余应力由拉应力转变为压应力,其压应力值随着激光功率的增加而增大,随着激光 光斑直径的减小而增加;辅助气体为O２时残余压应力值比辅助气体为N２大３０～４０MPa,激光相变热处理显著 提高了TC４钛合金电子束焊缝的残余压应力及其使用寿命。