Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

A genome-wide association study in Chinese men identifies three risk loci for non-obstructive azoospermia

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the most severe forms of male infertility. Its pathophysiology is largely unknown, and few genetic influences have been defined. To identify common variants contributing to NOA in Han Chinese men, we performed a three-stage genome-wide association study of 2,927 individuals with NOA and 5,734 controls. The combined analyses identified significant (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)) associations between NOA risk and common variants near PRMT6 (rs12097821 at 1p13.3: odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, P = 5.7 × 10(-10)), PEX10 (rs2477686 at 1p36.32: OR = 1.39, P = 5.7 × 10(-12)) and SOX5 (rs10842262 at 12p12.1: OR = 1.23, P = 2.3 × 10(-9)). These findings implicate genetic variants at 1p13.3, 1p36.32 and 12p12.1 in the etiology of NOA in Han Chinese men.     

Plovers breeding in the highlands of Jalisco, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí, central Mexico

From April to July 2008, we surveyed for breeding plovers at 32 sites in the semiarid highlands of Jalisco, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potos&iacute;, in the Central Mexican High Plateau. We documented evidence or presumption of breeding Snowy Plovers ( Charadrius alexandrinus ) at 3 sites, Killdeer ( C. vociferus ) at 15 sites, and Mountain Plovers ( C. montanus ) at 1 site. Our surveys showed that the region is important breeding ground for only the Killdeer. We documented an apparent breeding range extension of the Mountain Plover to slightly more than 200 km south of its previously known breeding range.     

海上要地防空反导阵地优度排序研究

针对海上要地防空反导作战中发射阵地优度排序问题,结合要地面积较小、各备选阵地自然环境条件差别不大的实际情况,提出一种以各阵地与保卫目标间距离来衡量阵地优度的评价指标体系构建方法。首次将各己方目标的重要度作为对应评价指标的权值,并提出一种基于网页排名(PageRank, PR)算法的评价指标赋权方法。通过算例仿真可得,本文提出的方法能够给出科学、准确的备选阵地优度排序,为解决海上要地防空反导阵地选择问题提供了一种新思路、新方法。     

Effects of Power Inversion Spatial Only Adaptive Array on GNSS Receiver Measurements

The Spatial Only Processing Power Inversion(SOP-PI) algorithm is frequently used in Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) adaptive array receivers for interference mitigation because of its simplicity of implementation. This study investigates the effects of SOP-PI on receiver measurements for high-precision applications. Mathematical deductions show that if an array with a centro-symmetrical geometry is used, ideally,SOP-PI is naturally bias-free; however, this no longer stands when non-ideal factors, including array perturbations and finite-sample effect, are added. Simulations are performed herein to investigate how exactly the array perturbations affect the carrier phase biases, while diagonal loading and forward-backward averaging are proposed to counter the finite-sample effect. In conclusion, whether SOP-PI with a centro-symmetrical array geometry will satisfy the high precision demands mainly depends on the array perturbation degree of the element amplitude and the phase center.     

水栖性的棘胸蛙身体大小不随环境水热梯度及净初级生产力梯度而分化

之前的研究发现不同地理种群棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)的身体大小随着环境生产力以及年最低温的降低而增大,因为更大的身体利于在生产力水平较低的环境中耐受饥饿并利于在寒冷的环境条件下保存热量.然而在种间水平上进行的相关研究发现:由于大部分时间生活在水体这种相对稳定的环境中,水栖性无尾类的身体大小并不受宏观水热波动的影响.为了更好地探究这个问题,我们以棘胸蛙为研究对象,在之前的基础上选择更多的研究地点及更多的环境因子,研究其身体大小的地理分化格局并探究潜在机制.与之前的发现不同,作为一种水栖性无尾类,棘胸蛙的身体大小并不受环境水热梯度以及净初级生产力梯度的影响.导致这种现象的原因可能是水栖性的生境偏好缓和了棘胸蛙受到的来自宏观环境水热波动的影响,所以它们并不通过改变身体大小来适应宏观环境梯度.此外由于棘胸蛙的肉食性,环境初级生产力并不能有效地衡量其食物供给,其身体大小是否受到食物供给量的影响仍有待深入探究.     

一种基于规则的无监督词性标注方法

提出一种基于规则的无监督词性标注方法, 利用200多条英语语法规则, 创建26个规则函数, 先将输入的待标注英语句子进行预处理后得到初始标记, 再对每个单词调用规则函数, 最终得到标注后的英语句子. 通过对Brown语料库的实验, 词性标注的正确率达到9395%. 实验结果表明, 本文方法可行、 有效, 能很好地提高英语词性标注的准确率.     

公司跨界经营、信息披露与分析师预测

通过手工搜集2003-2017年公司跨界经营数据,本文检验了公司跨界经营对分析师盈利预测的影响及其市场后果.实证结果表明,随着公司跨界程度的提高,分析师对其盈利预测的准确性下降,预测报告发布频率和预测修正幅度则会提高.同时,公司信息披露质量的提升有助于缓解公司跨界经营对分析师预测行为带来的不利影响.上述结果支持了信息处理成本假说和信息不确定性假说.最后,本文对跨界经营的市场后果做了检验,结果发现公司跨界经营程度越高,对分析师预测行为产生的消极作用越大,公司的市场折价程度越高.     

关于国家重点实验室科研组织形式的思考

目前国家重点实验室进入了新的发展阶段,主流的科研组织形式——PI制已经不能充分适应科技发展和国家重点实验室发展的需求。分子生物学国家重点实验室借鉴大项目管理所采用的首席科学家负责制,在重点实验室管理中引入研究团队及研究团队负责人负责制,提出一种复合型的科研组织形式——“点一群一阵”结构。通过合理的队伍构建和资源配置,PI既能以研究组为基本单元进行自由探索,又可组成团队发挥群体优势、联合攻关。