Re-examining the impact of European astronomy in seventeenth-century China: a study of Xue Fengzuo’s system of thought and his integration of Chinese and Western knowledge

ABSTRACT

During the late Ming and early Qing period, Jesuit missionaries introduced European science into China, and thereby profoundly influenced the later development of Chinese astronomy. Not only did European astronomy become the official system of the Qing dynasty, but the traditional way to ‘attain up above’ by connecting the study of astronomy and Yi learning gradually fell into disuse. However, the astronomers in this period expressed different views on these two processes. As one of the most important early Qing astronomers, Xue Fengzuo’s case presents a distinctive and important example. Firstly, under the influences of both Chinese tradition and European science, Xue Fengzuo rebuilt the way to ‘attain up above’ based on his three-fold ‘calendrical learning’, i.e. calendrical astronomy, astrology and related pragmatic applications, through which he could realize the highest Confucian ideal. Secondly, he integrated Chinese and Western knowledge for all three aspects of his ‘calendrical learning’, instead of ceding the dominant position to Western methods. From Xue Fengzuo’s example, many of the complex effects of the encounter between different cultures and the process of knowledge transfer can be revealed.     

石材抛光面光泽度不均匀问题剖析

从岩石的矿物组成、结构和抛光工艺及参数等方面对石材抛光面光泽度不均匀问题进行了剖析。指出了岩石的矿物组成、结构和矿物的蚀变、风化是导致光泽度不均匀且是无法消除的内部因素；针对如何消除抛光工艺及参数对光泽度均匀性产生的影响，提出了合理的磨头进给路线和进给间距     

景德镇市短时强降水的特征与统计分析

为了研究景德镇地区的强降水天气特征,找出强降水的时空分布特征和量级规律,并对2005-2015年景德镇强降水观测资料进行了普查与特征分析。结果表明:1)景德镇市短时强降水天气一般出现在4-9月份,7月最多;大致每年有8~9场,易发生在傍晚至上半夜时段,平均降水强度33.8 mm/h,最强达105.8 mm/h;2)超7成的短时强降水中会有超短时强降水,最强可达30 mm/10 min以上;3)短时强降水大多发生在系统性的暴雨过程中,有的在强雷暴过程中,往往伴有雷雨大风、冰雹等强对流天气;4)雷暴往往超前于强降水,并以西、西南、西北等方向为主;5)强降水过程中伴有气压涌升、风力加大,相对湿度上升,气温下降等明显特征。     

立法时机三论

立法时机的决策是当前提高立法质量，改进立法工作的必要一环。立法时机是指立法者做出是否立法以及何时立法的决策时所应考虑的各项主客观条件。从立法时机的构成而言，立法时机包含了制定法律的时机、修改法律的时机以及废除法律的时机。在进行立法时机的决策时，立法者至少需要考虑立法需求和立法可能两个要素。前者包括社会关系的广度、深度等三个层面，后者则涵盖了立法能力等三个层面。同时，立法者可以采取预测立法需求、编制立法规划和采取“短期立法”模式等作为立法时机选择的方略。     

Overexpression and export of Vibrio anguillarum metalloprotease in Escherichia coil

Vibrio anguillarum metalloprotease, an extracellular zinc metalloprotease involved in the virulence mechanism of Vibrio anguillarum, is synthesized from the empA gene as a 611-residue precursor and naturally secreted via Sec secretion pathway in Vibrio anguillarum. In this study, hetemlogous expression of the empA gene encoding metallopmtease and export of the recombinant metallopmtease in Escherichia coli were examined. The empA gene was subcloned into pBAD24 with arabinose promoter and sequenced. The sequence encoded a polypeptide （611 amino acids） consisting of four domains： a signal peptide, an Nterminal pmpoptide, a mature region and a C-terminal pmpoptide. The empA gene inserted in plasmid pBAD24 was overexpressed in TOP10 strain of E. coli after arabinose induction. The 36kDa polypeptide of the recombinant metallopmtease as the mature pmtease was further confirmed by SDS-PAGE and im- munoblotting. It was found that recombinant metallopmtease with the EmpA activity and antigenicity was exported into the poriplasm of Escherichia coli cells via Sec translocation pathway, whereas it was secreted into extracellular environments in V. anguillarum. The results imply that the expression, export and processing mechanism of the protein in E. coli are similar to those in V. anguillarum.     

新中文命名规则下的最新中国苦苣苔科植物名录

中国苦苣苔科植物的物种数量在过去的十余年内出现了令人惊讶的飞速增长,同时自2011年以来属一级水平上的大范围修订使得我国苦苣苔科植物物种系统位置的变动频繁而巨大,导致中文文献中使用的学名和对应的中文名称出现了相当程度上的混乱。本文整理了自专著《中国植物志·第69卷》《Flora of China:Vol. 18》《中国苦苣苔科植物》《华南苦苣苔科植物》和前一阶段归纳的我国苦苣苔科植物生物多样性文献付梓和发表以来,正式报道的所有中国苦苣苔科植物新分类群,提供了物种修订前后的新旧物种名的对照,为部分发表时未指定中文名称的新分类群新拟了中文名,对出现了混淆的物种中文名进行了梳理,以期为国内研究者更好地引用和使用我国苦苣苔科植物的中文名称奠定基础。截止2019年1月,我国已经正式报道和合格发表的苦苣苔科植物物种数已经有719种(含种下等级)。在新命名规则背景下梳理的中国苦苣苔科植物名录将在中国苦苣苔科植物保育中心(GCCC)的网站(http://gccc.gxib.cn)上实时更新。     

基于自适应阈值的AUV完全自主温跃层探测方法研究

海洋温跃层是一种重要的海洋现象。本文的研究基于自主水下机器人（Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV）,提出了一种梯度阈值可调的温跃层探测方法,其阈值可根据海洋温跃层分布特性自适应修改,同时针对AUV温跃层探测中水体分层厚度选取的问题,提出了一种根据温度梯度峰值点个数自主确定其大小方法,可实现AUV完全自主探测温跃层。根据AUV外场实验数据,把本文方法同峰值法、平均梯度法以及最优分割法进行了比较分析,结果表明该方法简单有效。     

"新农村"形势下乡村旅游的深度开发

要建设社会主义新农村,必须探寻农村发展的新思路。发展乡村旅游具备许多现实的有利条件,是实现农村现代化的一条可行途径。加快乡村旅游的发展,建设社会主义新农村,必须从以下三方面着手:突出乡村特色,创新乡村旅游发展模式;消除瓶颈制约,促进乡村旅游健康发展;实施“新村建设”方案,推进乡村旅游持续发展。     

Actin and myosin during pollen germination

Actin and myosin from pollen tubes of Lilium davidii were studied by using immunoblotting, Dot_Blot and myosin Ca 2+_ATPase analysis. On immunoblotting of the total soluble pollen tube proteins, anti_α_actin antibody labelled a polypeptide approximately 43 ku, which is considered to be the actin of lily. The mRNA encoding actin in ungerminated pollen and germinated pollen were both undetectable in our experiments. A myosin exhibited Ca 2+_ATPase activity, with a native molecular weight of 460 ku has been identified by using immunoblotting. A polypeptide of about 205 ku and a polypeptide of about 20 ku were the heavy chain and a set of light chain of the myosin, which can crossreact with anti_skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain monoclonal antibody and anti_skeletal muscle myosin light chain (20 ku) monoclonal antibody, respectively. The Ca 2+_ATPase activities of myosin in crude extracts of germinated pollen were positively related to the growth rates of pollen tubes.