Complementation in the composition of steel slag and red mud for preparation of novel ceramics

A method for preparing novel ceramics was developed in this study. Different ratios red muds were added to steel slags to optimize the preparation of novel ceramics by a traditional ceramic preparation process. The sintering mechanism, microstructure, and performance were studied by X-ray diffraction techniques, scanning electron microscopy, and combined experiments of linear shrinkage, water absorption, and flexural strength. The results confirmed that red mud can reduce the volumetric instabilities through the complementarity of red mud and ferroalloy slag. The crystal phases in the ceramics are all pyroxene group minerals, including diopside ferrian, augite, and diopside. The flexural strength of the ceramic that contains 40wt% red mud and was prepared at the optimal sintering temperature (1140℃) is greater than 93 MPa; its corresponding water absorption is less than 0.05%.     

Leaching behavior of V,Pb, Cd,Cr, and As from stone coal waste rock with different particle sizes

This paper investigates the leaching behavior of heavy metals (V, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As) from stone coal waste rocks with various particle sizes using dynamic leaching experiments. The results show that the dissolved concentrations of V and As initially increased and then slightly decreased as time progressed and that the dissolved concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were high in the early stage before decreasing. The particle size of the stone coal waste rocks strongly influenced the heavy metal concentration in the leaching solutions. The effects of the particle size of the stone coal waste rocks on the dissolved concentrations of V, Pb, and As decreased in the order fine fraction > medium fraction > coarse fraction, and the effects of particle size on the dissolved concentrations of Cr and Cd decreased in the order medium fraction > coarse fraction > fine fraction and coarse fraction > medium fraction > fine fraction, respectively. The quantities of heavy metals dissolved from the stone coal waste rock with fine particle sizes were observed to decrease in the order V (17104.36 μg/kg) > As (609.41 μg/kg) > Pb (469.24 μg/kg) > Cr (56.35 μg/kg) > Cd (27.52 μg/kg), and the dissolution rates decreased in the order As (2.96%) > Pb (0.93%) > V (0.35%) > Cd (0.25%) > Cr (0.01%). The specific surface area, pore size of the stone coal waste rocks, and chemical forms of heavy metals also influenced the release of heavy metals from the stone coal waste rocks. Kinetic analysis showed that the dissolution of heavy metals fundamentally agreed with the rate equation controlled by the shrinking core model. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the evaluation of heavy metals contamination from stone coal waste rocks.     

激光冷却和操控原子:原理与应用

 利用激光进行冷却和囚禁原子,可降低原子热运动速度、实现原子的量子操控,在精密测量等领域具有重要应用。本文概述了激光冷却和囚禁原子技术的发展历程及其基本原理,综述了该技术在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、原子钟和原子干涉仪等领域的应用。     

大数据环境下科技情报研究的新模式

 大数据时代为科技情报研究与服务带来了重大的机遇和挑战,迫切需要发展新的数据驱动型情报研究模式来变革数据治理和工作流程,提高情报研究和咨询服务的质量。本文概述了传统的人力驱动型科技情报工作模式,分析了存在的问题和局限性;综述了海量异构数据集成、数据管理与分析方法和工具的开发进展;提出了建设数据驱动型科技情报研究模式的整体架构,展望了未来研究的重点。     

武陵山区典型县域气温变化特征分析——以重庆市酉阳县为例

基于1955-2016年连续性订正的气温数据,运用线性倾向估计、滑动平均等趋势分析方法,Mann-Kendall、累积距平突变检验方法,Morlet小波分析及R/S分析对酉阳县近60年的气温指标进行了研究,揭示该地区气候变化趋势、特征并进行预测及原因探析.研究显示:酉阳县气温在过去近60年里呈微弱上升趋势,升温率高于IPCC第五次报告中的近130年变暖率,为每10年上升0.13℃,并且在21世纪初期发生了增温突变;四季气温中,冬季各气温要素升高对年均温上升贡献最大,最低值为每10年上升0.171℃;酉阳县年均温演变过程中存在3类时间尺度的周期变化规律,各气温要素基本都存在6~9年的较强震荡周期,平均气温短期预测处于偏暖期;R/S分析表明年均气温Hurst指数为0.88,预示着酉阳县未来气温走势会持续升高.     

钢铁行业烧结烟气多污染物协同净化技术研究进展

基于我国钢铁行业烧结烟气排放标准、排放特征和现行污染物控制技术,分析了国内外先进的多污染物协同控制技术——活性炭(焦)吸附工艺、湿法脱硫除尘+选择性催化还原协同净化技术、循环流化床多组分污染物协同净化工艺、高性能烧结废气净化工艺、新型密相半干法烟气集成治理技术等工艺的技术思路、特点和存在问题等,并针对钢铁行业的实际需求对多污染物协同控制技术的发展提出了建议.     

Thermal performance and reduction kinetic analysis of cold-bonded pellets with CO and H_2 mixtures

Cold-bonded pellets, to which a new type of inorganic binder was applied, were reduced by H2–CO mixtures with different H2/CO molar ratios(1:0, 5:2, 1:1, 2:5, and 0:1) under various temperatures(1023, 1123, 1223, 1323, and 1423 K) in a thermogravimetric analysis apparatus. The effects of gas composition, temperature, and binder ratio on the reduction process were studied, and the microstructure of reduced pellets was observed by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS). The SEM-EDS images show that binder particles exist in pellets in two forms, and the form that binder particles completely surround ore particles has a more significant hinder effect on the reduction. The reduction equilibrium constant, effective diffusion coefficient, and the reaction rate constant were calculated on the basis of the unreacted core model, and the promotion effect of temperature on reduction was further analyzed. The results show that no sintering phenomenon occurred at low temperatures and that the increasing reaction rate constant and high gas diffusion coefficient could maintain the promotion effect of temperature; however, when the sintering phenomenon occurs at high temperatures, gas diffusion is hindered and the promotion effect is diminished. The contribution of the overall equilibrium constant to the promotion effect depends on the gas composition.     

脉冲无氰电镀在硅基RF-MEMS滤波器中的应用及优化

针对硅基RF-MEMS带通滤波器制备过程中金层电镀沉积工艺,基于亚硫酸金盐无氰电镀液,并结合脉冲电镀技术,通过对电流密度、占空比、正负脉冲时间比、脉冲频率、温度、搅拌速率等相关工艺参数进行优化组合,实现了所设计的硅基双层自屏蔽式RF-MEMS带通滤波器制备与测试,也为相关RF-MEMS器件制备提供了工艺指导.      

头部加肋板弹体正侵彻/贯穿混凝土靶研究

针对头部加肋板弹体正侵彻/贯穿混凝土靶板的问题,进行受力分析并依此建立正侵彻理论模型.模型基于"开坑段+隧道段+剪切冲塞段"三阶段侵彻模型与空腔膨胀理论,对头部加肋板弹体与卵型头部弹体正侵彻/贯穿混凝土靶过程进行理论计算并做对比分析,且计算和对比分析了头部形状参数对头部加肋板弹体侵彻性能的影响.结果表明,带肋板型头部弹体贯穿剩余速度低,轴向过载大,侵彻能力比卵形头部弹体差,且增加肋板个数、宽度、小凸缘顶面圆直径或减少肋板高度均增加轴向过载,降低侵彻能力.     

Improved dehydriding property of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated Mg-Ni hydrogen storage nano-composite prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis and wet mechanical milling

In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) coated Mg_(95)Ni_5 nano-composites were prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis(HCS) plus wet mechanical milling(WM) with tetrahydrofuran(THF) and donated as WM-x wt% PVP(x = 1, 3, 5 and 7) respectively. The phase compositions, microstructures and dehydriding property, as well as the co-effect of PVP and THF were investigated in detail. XRD results showed that the average crystal size of MgH_2 in the milled Mg_(95)Ni_5 decreased from 23 nm without PVP to 18 nm with 1 wt% PVP. The peak temperature of dehydrogenation of MgH_2 in the milled Mg_(95)Ni_5 decreased from 293.0 ℃ without THF to 250.4 ℃ with THF. The apparent activation energy for decomposition of MgH_2 in WM-7 wt% PVP was estimated to be 66.94 kJ/mol, which is 37.70 kJ/mol lower than that of milled Mg_(95)Ni_5 without THF and PVP. PVP and THF can facilitate the refinement of particle size during mechanical milling process. Attributed to small particle sizes and synergistic effect of PVP and THF, the composites exhibit markedly improved dehydriding properties.