Ruin Probability with Variable Premium Rate and Disturbed by Diffusion in a Markovian Environment

We consider a risk model with a premium rate which varies with the level of free reserves. In this model, the occurrence of claims is described by a Cox process with Markov intensity process, and the influence of stochastic factors is considered by adding a diffusion process. The integro-differential equation for the ruin probability is derived by a infinitesimal method.     

Newton's Easy Quadratures ``Omitted for the Sake of Brevity'

In the 1687 Principia, Newton gave a solution to the direct problem (given the orbit and center of force, find the central force) for a conic-section with a focal center of force (answer: a reciprocal square force) and for a spiral orbit with a polar center of force (answer: a reciprocal cube force). He did not, however, give solutions for the two corresponding inverse problems (given the force and center of force, find the orbit). He gave a cryptic solution to the inverse problem of a reciprocal cube force, but offered no solution for the reciprocal square force. Some take this omission as an indication that Newton could not solve the reciprocal square, for, they ask, why else would he not select this important problem? Others claim that ``it is child's play' for him, as evidenced by his 1671 catalogue of quadratures (tables of integrals). The answer to that question is obscured for all who attempt to work through Newton's published solution of the reciprocal cube force because it is done in the synthetic geometric style of the 1687 Principia rather than in the analytic algebraic style that Newton employed until 1671. In response to a request from David Gregory in 1694, however, Newton produced an analytic version of the body of the proof, but one which still had a geometric conclusion. Newton's charge is to find both ``the orbit' and ``the time in orbit.' In the determination of the dependence of the time on orbital position, t(r), Newton evaluated an integral of the form ∫dx/x <sup>n</sup> to calculate a finite algebraic equation for the area swept out as a function of the radius, but he did not write out the analytic expression for time t = t(r), even though he knew that the time t is proportional to that area. In the determination of the orbit, θ (r), Newton obtained an integral of the form ∫dx/√(1−x<sup>2</sup>) for the area that is proportional to the angle θ, an integral he had shown in his 1669 On Analysis by Infinite Equations to be equal to the arcsin(x). Since the solution must therefore contain a transcendental function, he knew that a finite algebraic solution for θ=θ(r) did not exist for ``the orbit' as it had for ``the time in orbit.' In contrast to these two solutions for the inverse cube force, however, it is not possible in the inverse square solution to generate a finite algebraic expression for either ``the orbit' or ``the time in orbit.' In fact, in Lemma 28, Newton offers a demonstration that the area of an ellipse cannot be given by a finite equation. I claim that the limitation of Lemma 28 forces Newton to reject the inverse square force as an example and to choose instead the reciprocal cube force as his example in Proposition 41. (Received August 14, 2002) Published online March 26, 2003 Communicated by G. Smith     

磁放大器原理及执行器故障分析

论述了磁放大器的工作原理和特点 ,介绍了磁放大器在执行器中的应用 ,对执行器的两种常见故障作了分析     

组合数学的游戏起源

数学家对游戏问题的思考与解答，促进了数学的产生与发展，组合数学许多研究方向的产生，就直接来源于一些经典的数学游戏，同时游戏也丰富了组合数学的研究方法与内容。     

杨氏模量测量的一个程序设计

本文通过用计算机对杨氏模量测量的程序设计，说明微机不仅可以迅速完成数据处理工作，还可以判断实验结果，从而更好地探索实验规律。     

车削功率约束适应数字控制系统的研究

本文介绍一种在普通车床上建立的以TP801-Z80单板机为控制主机的车削过程功率约束型适应数字控制系统,阐述系统的结构设计、分析系统的控制性能以及管理程序设计框图。通过切削试验说明:这种系统有助于充分发挥机床的加工能力,提高机床功率利用率和节约能源。     

Pb-Sn-Bi三元系α相固溶体的点阵参数

应用X射线衍射法测定了Pb-Sn-Bi三元系Pb基α相固溶体的点阵参数,发现点阵间距与成分呈线性变化,对两批实验数据分别进行回归分析,得到点阵参数-浓度关系的统一解析式: α=0.49495X_(Pb)+0.47813X_(Sn)+0.50629X_(Bi)。其F检验置信度大于99.9％,残余标准差σ=6.4×10~(-5) nm,分析点阵畸变的影响因素表明尺寸效应是控制固溶体点阵行为的主要因素。     

广义系统的某些性质

本文定义了广义系统的消失性,并给出了判别消失性的充要条件,进而给出了广义系统的闭环谱与其动态补偿器的谱不相交的充要条件.最后利用广义系统的一种特殊分解给出了广义系统脉冲可控的充要条件.     

节能气动系统数学模型的改进

作者曾提出一种节能近50%的节能气动系统,进行了理论与实验研究。本文重新定义特征时间 T_m~″和有效面积比 a_(?)~″,改进了它的退回阶段Ⅲ的动特性数学模型,使之能更准确地描述系统的真实特性,仿真结果与实验结果更趋一致。