Thermal performance and reduction kinetic analysis of cold-bonded pellets with CO and H_2 mixtures

Cold-bonded pellets, to which a new type of inorganic binder was applied, were reduced by H2–CO mixtures with different H2/CO molar ratios(1:0, 5:2, 1:1, 2:5, and 0:1) under various temperatures(1023, 1123, 1223, 1323, and 1423 K) in a thermogravimetric analysis apparatus. The effects of gas composition, temperature, and binder ratio on the reduction process were studied, and the microstructure of reduced pellets was observed by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS). The SEM-EDS images show that binder particles exist in pellets in two forms, and the form that binder particles completely surround ore particles has a more significant hinder effect on the reduction. The reduction equilibrium constant, effective diffusion coefficient, and the reaction rate constant were calculated on the basis of the unreacted core model, and the promotion effect of temperature on reduction was further analyzed. The results show that no sintering phenomenon occurred at low temperatures and that the increasing reaction rate constant and high gas diffusion coefficient could maintain the promotion effect of temperature; however, when the sintering phenomenon occurs at high temperatures, gas diffusion is hindered and the promotion effect is diminished. The contribution of the overall equilibrium constant to the promotion effect depends on the gas composition.     

Heritable and inducible genetic interference by double-stranded RNA encoded by transgenes

Double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective method for disrupting expression of specific genes in Caenorhabditis elegans and other organisms. Applications of this reverse-genetics tool, however, are somewhat restricted in nematodes because introduced dsRNA is not stably inherited. Another difficulty is that RNAi disruption of late-acting genes has been generally less consistent than that of embryonically expressed genes, perhaps because the concentration of dsRNA becomes lower as cellular division proceeds or as developmental time advances. In particular, some neuronally expressed genes appear refractory to dsRNA-mediated interference. We sought to extend the applicability of RNAi by in vivo expression of heritable inverted-repeat (IR) genes. We assayed the efficacy of in vivo-driven RNAi in three situations for which heritable, inducible RNAi would be advantageous: (i) production of large numbers of animals deficient for gene activities required for viability or reproduction; (ii) generation of large populations of phenocopy mutants for biochemical analysis; and (iii) effective gene inactivation in the nervous system. We report that heritable IR genes confer potent and specific gene inactivation for each of these applications. We suggest that a similar strategy might be used to test for dsRNA interference effects in higher organisms in which it is feasible to construct transgenic animals, but impossible to directly or transiently introduce high concentrations of dsRNA.     

改革开放初期中国学会的兴起

改革开放初期(1978-1989)学会出现了创建高潮。科技经济体制的改变、新科技革命的到来、科技人员政治思想的解放、中国国际交往的需要等要素推动了学会的创兴,而科技共同体中科技精英的自主性要求,以及当时学会办事机构作为行政或事业编制的体制都在不同程度上助推了全国学会的成立与发展。全国学会的创兴及其动机反映了中国当代科技发展与政治、经济、教育、文化之间的互动关系。     

关于大型科研仪器共享问题的一个产权理论解释

大型科研仪器的共享问题是我国科技资源配置和管理工作中面临的重要问题,现有研究和对策主要集中于促进共享理念的传播、加强共享效率的考核以及仪器中心等共享机制的建设方面,但对于为什么存在共享障碍等基本问题缺少关注。本文以经济学中的产权理论为基础,从大型科研仪器所有权与控制权分离的现实出发,探讨了当前我国仪器共享中存在的利益冲突和机制障碍。在此基础上,借鉴发达国家的一些做法,提出从仪器资助体制出发解决仪器共享问题的新思路。     

一种新型的CPU故障检测方法及其应用

本文根据国产新型单路数字新闻传真系统的特点,采用一种新颖而有效的 CPU 故障诊断算法.此方法的故障覆盖率较高,在程序运行后,得到令人满意的效果.     

关于两类n阶变系数线性方程的求解

众所周知,能用初等积分法求解的常微方程为数是不多的。就是线性方程,当系数是自变量的函数时,至今为止也没有一般的求解方法,但是当系数是常数时,便可求解了。本文对两类变系数方程,通过变量替换,化为常系数方程,从而解决了求解问题。     

酶性DNA（Ⅲ）：鱼精DNA酯酶活性的初步研究

从鱼精提取的ＤＮＡ表现酯酶活性。用α或β萘酯作底物，坚牢蓝作显色偶合剂，发现萘酯能被此ＤＮＡ水解从而导致坚牢蓝出现特征性的紫红色。ＤＮＡ溶液中的Ｈ＾＋或ＯＨ＾－并不能使坚牢蓝显色。     

合成气制备二甲醚工艺条件的研究

在固定床高压流动反应装置上考察了CuO -ZnO/HZSM - 5和CuO -ZnO -ZrO2 -MnO2 -Al2 O3/HZSM - 5二甲醚 (合成 )催化剂的活性 .实验结果表明 ,CuO -ZnO -ZrO2 -MnO2 -Al2 O3/HZSM - 5催化剂在高空速下活性较好 .同时确定二甲醚 (合成 )催化剂的最佳反应条件为 :T反 ≤ 2 5 0℃ ,P =4.0MPa,GHSV =1 0 0 0h- 1 .     

生态风险评价

本文阐述了生态风险评价的基本概念和定量研究方法．通过研究方法与技术路线,确立评价要素和受体—端点,建立一套风险评价的生态系统指标体系     

表面活性剂对Ni-P-PTFE复合镀液的影响

本文应用zeta电位仪研究了各种阳离子表面活性剂 ,非离子表面活性剂对Ni-P-PTFE复合镀中PTFE粒子zeta电位的影响 ,且应用扫描电子显微镜分析了镀层的形貌 结果表明 ,粒子的zeta电位越正 ,粒子在槽液中越不易聚结 ,且越有利于粒子的共沉积