青楷槭不定根形成的解剖学研究

以青楷槭2 a生插条为材料,采用石蜡切片法对其不定根形成过程进行解剖学观察.结果表明:青楷槭茎的结构由表皮、皮层和次生维管组织组成;不定根生成方式属于诱导型,维管形成层和皮层的愈伤组织形成根原基;插条基部皮层的愈伤组织数量多,分布均匀,可形成不定根;切口部位愈伤组织不分化形成不定根.     

对称荷载作用下弹性地基梁的傅里叶级数解

考虑地层位移荷载及梁与地基可能产生的脱空,针对长度在沉降槽内和长度延伸到沉降槽外的2种梁建立了弹性地基梁对称问题的数学模型.利用阶梯函数及脉冲函数,在所建数学模型基础上推导了求解弹性地基梁挠度的傅里叶级数系数的线性方程组,提出了计算方程组中脱空范围这一多余未知量的迭代步骤,利用有限元数值解对傅里叶级数解进行了验证.结果表明,傅里叶级数解精度高,可以作为带有脱空弹性地基梁问题的解析解,要达到相同的精度,傅里叶级数解的计算量远比有限元解的计算量小.此外,脱空范围的大小,不随级数项数的多寡而改变.傅里叶级数解法不但精度高,而且能够灵活处理不同形式的荷载,是求解复杂荷载条件下弹性地基梁问题的有效解析方法.     

Leaching behavior of V,Pb, Cd,Cr, and As from stone coal waste rock with different particle sizes

This paper investigates the leaching behavior of heavy metals (V, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As) from stone coal waste rocks with various particle sizes using dynamic leaching experiments. The results show that the dissolved concentrations of V and As initially increased and then slightly decreased as time progressed and that the dissolved concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were high in the early stage before decreasing. The particle size of the stone coal waste rocks strongly influenced the heavy metal concentration in the leaching solutions. The effects of the particle size of the stone coal waste rocks on the dissolved concentrations of V, Pb, and As decreased in the order fine fraction > medium fraction > coarse fraction, and the effects of particle size on the dissolved concentrations of Cr and Cd decreased in the order medium fraction > coarse fraction > fine fraction and coarse fraction > medium fraction > fine fraction, respectively. The quantities of heavy metals dissolved from the stone coal waste rock with fine particle sizes were observed to decrease in the order V (17104.36 μg/kg) > As (609.41 μg/kg) > Pb (469.24 μg/kg) > Cr (56.35 μg/kg) > Cd (27.52 μg/kg), and the dissolution rates decreased in the order As (2.96%) > Pb (0.93%) > V (0.35%) > Cd (0.25%) > Cr (0.01%). The specific surface area, pore size of the stone coal waste rocks, and chemical forms of heavy metals also influenced the release of heavy metals from the stone coal waste rocks. Kinetic analysis showed that the dissolution of heavy metals fundamentally agreed with the rate equation controlled by the shrinking core model. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the evaluation of heavy metals contamination from stone coal waste rocks.     

角膜生物力学特性研究进展

 角膜的光学功能与其形态结构紧密相联,角膜形态的异常可导致近视、远视、圆锥角膜等眼部疾病。细致研究角膜的力学特性,建立有临床用途的生物力学模型已成为一个重要研究领域。本文以首都医科大学眼生物力学研究团队的研究工作为基础,综述在角膜力学特性研究中的实验测试方法和本构参数获取方法等方面的进展。     

旅游地演化研究进展与启示

旅游地演化指的是旅游地系统内部构成要素及要素结构的交替演变促使旅游地系统随时间和空间变化而发生渐变或质变的过程。基于巴特勒旅游地生命周期理论的旅游地演化研究是旅游地学的重要研究领域。随着旅游发展以及旅游研究的深入,原有理论的不足愈发明显,难以解释更深层次更为复杂的旅游地系统演化,理论提升与创新十分必要。回顾国内外旅游地演化已有研究,详细归纳了国内外研究成果,在分析国内外学者对传统理论的提升与创新基础上,指出针对旅游景点景区、旅游区、旅游城市以及旅游城市群等不同尺度旅游地,可以分别采用旅游地生命周期理论、系统动力学理论、耗散结构理论、复杂适应系统理论、点—轴渐进扩散理论、经济地理演化理论研究其演变生长过程。     

Surface modification of Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by microarc oxidation to improve high-temperature oxidation resistance

Microarc oxidation(MAO)electrolysis plasma deposition was used to prepare Al_2O_3coatings on Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys to improve high temperature oxidation resistance.The surface and cross-section morphologies before and after high-temperature oxidation,the chemical composition,and the phase identification of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron probe microanalyses(EPMA),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that Al_2O_3coatings with a thickness of approximately 8μm can be obtained on the Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by MAO for 600 s.The samples with the Al_2O_3coatings exhibited better high-temperature oxidation resistance.A minimal weight gain of only 0.396 g/m~2after 100 h oxidation at 900°C was observed for the coatings formed with a deposition voltage of 400 V and using a duty cycle of 3%.The deposition mechanism of the Al_2O_3coatings and the effect of the MAO parameters are also described.     

Effect of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The as-cast and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloys with and without minor Sc addition were investigated and compared in this paper. The results indicated that adding0.15–0.45 wt% Sc to the as-cast AZ91 alloy not only could modify and refine the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase but also suppress the formation of the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. At the same time, the grains of the Sc-containing as-cast AZ91 alloys were also effectively refined. As a result, the mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) for the Sccontaining as-cast AZ91 alloys were effectively improved. In addition, adding 0.15–0.45 wt%Sc to the AZ91 alloy promoted the formation of the continuous precipitates(CP) during the aging treatment in spite of that the formation of the discontinuous precipitates(DP) was simultaneously suppressed. Accordingly, the Sc-containing as-aged AZ91 alloys obtained the relatively higher mechanical properties at RT than the as-aged AZ91 alloy.     

好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化处理养殖废水及N2O释放特性

好氧颗粒污泥可通过特殊的厌/好氧空间结构实现短程硝化,而短程硝化和好氧颗粒结构都可能导致温室气体N₂O释放.试验研究了处理养殖废水过程中好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化性能,及利用微电极探针定量分析N₂O过程释放特性.稳定运行期间,COD与氨氮平均去除率分别为76.8%和94.4%,短程硝化效率可达88.9%.根据微电极探针和气相色谱分析结果,好氧颗粒污泥系统厌氧和好氧阶段N₂O生成量分别占46.4%和53.6%,但短程硝化系统的N₂O释放主要来源于曝气吹脱作用;系统内N₂O中氮的释放量占进水氮的比例为2.1%,好氧颗粒污泥并未显著强化N₂O释放.     

1,4-二甲基蒽醌的合成研究

以对二甲苯和邻苯二甲酸酐为原料,二氯乙烷及DMAC为溶剂,在无水AlCl3的存在下,酰基化反应合成2-(2′,5′-二甲基甲酰)苯甲酸,对催化剂、原料的摩尔比、溶剂及反应温度进行了优化选择.2-(2′,5′-二甲基甲酰)苯甲酸分别与多聚磷酸、浓硫酸、发烟硫酸等进行环化反应合成1,4-二甲基蒽醌.研究表明,以发烟硫酸作环化试剂,以二氯乙烷为反应介质,在60℃下,反应2.5 h左右,产率可达88.63%.产物用FT-IR,1H-NMR得到了确证.     

介孔TiO2材料的改性及其应用的研究进展

介孔TiO2材料由于具有特殊的性能展示了广阔的潜在应用前景,近年来备受关注。对纯介孔TiO2的合成现状和介孔TiO2的改性方法进行了综述,着重介绍了通过引入金属杂质的改性方法及其应用。