Leaching behavior of V,Pb,Cd,Cr,and As from stone coal waste rock with different particle sizes

This paper investigates the leaching behavior of heavy metals(V,Pb,Cd,Cr,and As) from stone coal waste rocks with various particle sizes using dynamic leaching experiments.The results show that the dissolved concentrations of V and As initially increased and then slightly decreased as time progressed and that the dissolved concentrations of Pb,Cd,and Cr were high in the early stage before decreasing.The particle size of the stone coal waste rocks strongly influenced the heavy metal concentration in the leaching solutions.The effects of the particle size of the stone coal waste rocks on the dissolved concentrations of V,Pb,and As decreased in the order fine fraction medium fraction coarse fraction,and the effects of particle size on the dissolved concentrations of Cr and Cd decreased in the order medium fraction coarse fraction fine fraction and coarse fraction medium fraction fine fraction,respectively.The quantities of heavy metals dissolved from the stone coal waste rock with fine particle sizes were observed to decrease in the order V(17104.36 μg/kg) As(609.41 μg/kg) Pb(469.24 μg/kg) Cr(56.35 μg/kg) Cd(27.52 μg/kg),and the dissolution rates decreased in the order As(2.96%) Pb(0.93%) V(0.35%) Cd(0.25%) Cr(0.01%).The specific surface area,pore size of the stone coal waste rocks,and chemical forms of heavy metals also influenced the release of heavy metals from the stone coal waste rocks.Kinetic analysis showed that the dissolution of heavy metals fundamentally agreed with the rate equation controlled by the shrinking core model.The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the evaluation of heavy metals contamination from stone coal waste rocks.     

霍林河水库渗漏探测试验研究

高密度电法是常用的物探方法,在水库大坝探测方面也经常用到.文中介绍了高密度电法的原理和反演分析方法,采用高密度电法对霍林河水库大坝渗漏情况进行了探测试验,采用"单极-单极"阵列方式分别对大坝的4个断面进行了渗漏探测试验,并结合实测资料分析大坝渗漏原因.试验结果表明:高密度电法有效地探测了霍林河水库大坝渗漏情况,检验了防渗处理的效果,为大坝防渗加固提供了依据,也进一步验证了高密度电法在水库渗漏探测中具有较好的效果.     

基于突变理论的员工主动离职行为定性模拟——以中国经济转型期的“离职潮”为例

刘易斯拐点的到来导致中国劳动力成本大幅上升,这使得如何避免员工主动离职成为保证企业人力资源稳定的核心问题。针对离职行为这一复杂系统,从实证研究与突变理论相结合的全新视角,构建了员工主动离职的突变概念模型。在此基础上引入定性模拟算法,提出了突变函数在离职行为研究中的参数估计方法,并通过长三角地区某企业的实际案例验证了该方法的合理性及鲁棒性。最后,根据经济转型期的"离职潮",对员工主动离职的定性-定量混合突变模型进行虚拟实验分析。实验结果从精确测定员工离职的预警区、临界区和突变区及复杂经济环境与员工离职的关系,以及企业微观层面和政府宏观层面的控制策略等方面,为员工主动离职问题提供了决策支持。     

High-performance flexural fatigue of carbon nanotube yarns

Carbon nanotube yarns （CNTY） possess good specific strength and specific conductivity. As such, their potential for commercial applications is significant. Fatigue performance is a significant consideration in yarn/wire applications. In this study, the flexural fatigue performance of CNTY spun from super-aligned carbon nanotube arrays was investigated using a reversed bending test. The results showed that CNTY exhibited excellent resistance to pure flexural fatigue, significantly outperforming stainless steel wire; CNTY failed where a combination of flexural fatigue and tension-tension fatigue had special hollow fracture morphology, and CNTY resistance remained fundamentally unchanged in the combination fatigue process.     

西藏农村人力资本投资困境分析

农村人口综合素质整体不高,日益成为西藏农村反贫困和可持续发展的重要制约因素之一,加大人力资本投资日益迫切.文章提出没有基于本地化的农村办学思路,师资队伍整体落后与教育质量不高长期并存,教育投资观念偏差根深蒂固,基层卫生服务能力薄弱及健康知识普及严重不足等是当前西藏农村人力资本投资存在的诸多困境,并指出尽快优化教育发展结构、突出师资队伍建设、加强成人培训力度、关注妇女儿童健康是提高农村人口发展能力的重要途径.     

力触觉增强的虚拟现实工厂系统

现有虚拟现实工厂只能依靠头戴式显示器和手柄进行单向的视、听觉虚拟操作，难以进行双向的沉浸式触觉交互。针对此问题，采用力反馈控制器设计了一种力触觉增强的虚拟现实工厂系统。以Unity3D为基础，采用3DMax对工厂内多类型工具和零部件进行三维视觉建模，并通过反射探针、光照探针等组件进行立体化视觉增强。在此基础上，为虚拟空间物体增加刚体、碰撞体、关节等组件，建立虚拟空间的触觉反馈模型，实现了力反馈控制器与虚拟空间物体的实时触觉交互。实验表明：系统可提供重力、摩擦力、恒力等多种力触觉感知，支持对20余种工具、零部件的触摸、抓取等触感操作，能感受模型、轮廓以及质量等物理属性，实现了虚拟工厂中“视触听”多维立体化的沉浸式操作。     

The influence of home environmental factors and life style on children＇s respiratory health in Xi＇an

To assess associations between home indoor air environments and asthma,allergies and pneumonia,children aged 1–8 years were surveyed from 12 kindergartens in the city of Xi’an.2,020 questionnaires were responded with a response rate of 83.5%.The prevalences of doctor diagnosed asthma,hay fever,and pneumonia were 2.9%,3.6%,and 28.3%,respectively.Living close to a highway was a risk factor for current rhinitis(AOR 1.5,95%CI 1.2–1.8),eczema(AOR 1.7,95%CI 1.2–2.5),and diagnosed pneumonia(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.6).Dampness problems in the home were associated with 50%–130%increases in the prevalences of asthma and allergy.Airing bed linen under sun-shine was protective,especially against rhinitis.Pet avoidance was consistently and significantly associated with asthma and allergy(AOR 1.3–2.4).Decoration of the home during children’s early life is a risk factor for current rhinitis(AOR 1.9,95%CI 1.3–2.9)and eczema(AOR 1.9,95%CI1.1–3.6).Risk factors for pneumonia were living in an apartment(AOR 1.4,95%CI 1.1–1.8),latex wall paint(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.7),dampness(AOR 1.4–1.5),breast feeding\3 months(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.7),never airing bed linen in sunshine(AOR 1.3,95%CI1.3–1.6),and cleaning children’s room less frequently than once per day(AOR 1.4,95%CI 1.1–1.7).This study demonstrates that home indoor environmental and life style factors may influence the health of children in Xi’an.     

摇蚊幼虫扰动对沉积物-水微界面氧化还原特征的影响

生物扰动是影响沉积物-水微界面反应的重要因素,为了明确生物扰动作用对沉积物-水微界面氧化还原特征的影响机制,从环境微界面角度出发,以摇蚊幼虫为例,借助高分辨率的微电极系统解析沉积物-水微界面O_2、p H、氧化还原电位(Eh)的垂向分布特征。结果表明,摇蚊幼虫的生物扰动作用显著增加了沉积物-水微界面处的溶解氧浓度;降低了上覆水的p H值,提高了沉积物的p H值,且上覆水p H时空变化较大,沉积物p H值变化较小;廊道里O_2增加,使Eh值也相应地提高,而没有生物扰动到的地方Eh值偏低。摇蚊幼虫通过呼吸和摄食作用将富含氧气的上覆水引进廊道,充入的氧气改变了微界面的氧化还原条件。     

一类伪不变凸极值问题解集的刻画

有研究对可微的无约束伪不变凸极值问题的解集进行了刻画。本文在此基础上,在广义不变凸性假设下,利用广义Clarke梯度和Lagrange乘子研究了一类不可微的带约束的伪不变凸极值问题的一些性质。首先在广义Clarke梯度的基础上,给出了此类带约束的非可微伪不变凸极值问题的一些性质;然后在一定条件下证明了此类问题的可行集和最优解集是不变凸的;最后利用广义Clarke梯度和Lagrange乘子得到了最优解集的一些等价刻画。
     

Polynomial-rooting based fourth-order MUSIC for direction-of-arrival estimation of noncircular signals

A polynomial-rooting based fourth-order cumulant algorithm is presented for direction-of-arrival（DOA） estimation of second-order fully noncircular source signals, using a uniform linear array（ULA）. This algorithm inherits all merits of its spectralsearching counterpart except for the applicability to arbitrary array geometry, while reducing considerably the computation cost.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the previously developed closed-form second-order noncircular ESPRIT method, in terms of processing capacity and DOA estimation accuracy, especially in the presence of spatially colored noise.