Drosophila Piwi functions in Hsp90-mediated suppression of phenotypic variation

Canalization, also known as developmental robustness, describes an organism's ability to produce the same phenotype despite genotypic variations and environmental influences. In Drosophila, Hsp90, the trithorax-group proteins and transposon silencing have been previously implicated in canalization. Despite this, the molecular mechanism underlying canalization remains elusive. Here using a Drosophila eye-outgrowth assay sensitized by the dominant Kr(irregular facets-1)(Kr(If-1)) allele, we show that the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway, but not the short interfering RNA or micro RNA pathway, is involved in canalization. Furthermore, we isolated a protein complex composed of Hsp90, Piwi and Hop, the Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein homolog, and we demonstrated the function of this complex in canalization. Our data indicate that Hsp90 and Hop regulate the piRNA pathway through Piwi to mediate canalization. Moreover, they point to epigenetic silencing of the expression of existing genetic variants and the suppression of transposon-induced new genetic variation as two major mechanisms underlying piRNA pathway-mediated canalization.     

超长波天文观测微卫星宽带有源天线设计

月球轨道超长波天文观测微卫星(path finder of discovering the sky at the longest wavelengths,DSL-P)是国际首次开展绕月轨道超长波干涉技术验证实验。DSL-P工作频率1~30 MHz,其关键技术之一为宽带有源天线。介绍了DSL-P宽带有源天线的方案,重点分析其噪声特性,通过仿真和测试获取有源天线的噪声性能,分析宽带有源天线对系统设计指标的满足度。研究表明,用于超长波观测的宽带有源天线并不是传统意义上的被动天线和前置放大器的组合,其主要作用是阻抗匹配,并可兼顾噪声要求。     

可调冲压喷管变流量固冲发动机工作特性分析

不可调固冲发动机在飞行中常处于非设计工作点,为改善该类发动机工作性能,目前多采用燃气流量调节的方法。若同时调节冲压喷管,则可大幅改善固冲发动机的适应性。本文基于一维气动理论,建立了可调冲压喷管变流量固冲发动机的数学模型,计算得到了其工作特性。分析表明：与不可调固;中发动机、燃气流量可调固冲发动机相比,可调冲压喷管变流量固冲发动机具有工作域大、阻力低、溢流少、进气道总压损失少以及比冲高等优势。     

囚徒困境中基于非均匀连接的促合作控制设计

本文研究"囚徒困境"中促进合作演化的机制,设计"合作识别"和"背叛识别"两种控制形式,并分析合作在相应控制之下的演化路径问题.在合作识别控制设计中,通过将博弈群体分为合作者子群体和合作者与背叛者共存子群体,形成连接率依赖于个体策略的"非均匀连接",以保护合作的方式抑制背叛,促进合作演化;在背叛识别控制设计中,以惩罚背叛的方式鼓励合作.文章指出,合作识别控制设计能在合作率较低时促进合作,但不能使合作成为演化稳定策略(ESS);背叛识别控制设计能在合作率较高时使合作成为ESS,但是背叛总是该控制下的ESS.结合"合作识别"控制与"背叛识别"控制,本文设计一种切换控制,使得合作是"囚徒困境"博弈的唯一ESS.仿真给出不同要求下的控制律设计,分析不同切换选择对合作演化路径的影响.     

基于EKF/SF的BDS短基线多径抑制方法

多径是影响载波相位差分定位性能的主要误差源。针对传统恒星日滤波(sidereal filter, SF)无法同时抑制系统部分和随机部分多径误差影响的问题,提出一种扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter, EKF)和SF组合的北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS)短基线多径误差抑制方法(EKF/SF)。首先使用基于单差观测量的SF削弱多径系统误差带来的影响,再结合EKF的优势,对残余多径误差所包含的随机误差影响进行抑制,从而达到最大化抑制多径误差的目的。BDS短基线单频载波相位差分定位实验表明,相对于单纯的SF和EKF,采用EKF/SF方法的模糊度固定率分别提高了10%和43%,定位精度可分别提高84%和90%。     

Induction of recombination between diverged sequences in a mammalian genome by a double-strand break

To investigate whether mammalian cells can carry out recombinational double-strand break (DSB) repair between highly diverged sequences, mouse fibroblasts were transfected with DNA substrates that contained a “recipient” thymidine kinase (tk) gene disrupted by the recognition site for endonuclease I-SceI. Substrates also contained a linked “donor” tk gene sequence. Following DSB induction by I-SceI, selection for tk-expressing clones allowed recovery of repair events occurring by nonhomologous end-joining or recombination with the donor sequence. Although recombinational repair was most efficient when donor and recipient shared near-perfect homology, we recovered recombination events between recipient and donor sequences displaying 20 % nucleotide mismatch. Recombination between such imperfectly matched (“homeologous”) sequences occurred at a frequency of 1.7 × 10^?7 events per cell and constituted 3 % of the DSB repair events recovered with the pair of homeologous sequences. Additional experiments were done with a substrate containing a donor sequence comprised of a region sharing high homology with the recipient and an adjacent region homeologous to the recipient. Recombinational DSB repair tracts initiating within high homology propagated into homeology in 11 of 112 repair events. These collective results contrasted with our earlier work in which spontaneous recombination (not intentionally induced by a DSB) between homeologous sequences occurred at an undetectable frequency of less than 10^?9 events per cell, and in which events initiating within high homology propagated into adjoining homeology in one of 81 events examined. Our current work suggests that homology requirements for recombination are effectively relaxed in proximity to a DSB in a mammalian genome.     

New Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functional for Stability Analysis of Linear Systems with Time-Varying Delay

This paper focuses on the problem of delay-dependent stability of linear systems with time-varying delay. A new delay-product-type augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional(LKF) is constructed. Based on the LKF and by employing a generalized free-matrix-based integral inequality,less conservative delay-dependent stability criteria are obtained. Finally, two well-known numerical examples are used to confirm the effectiveness and the superiority of the presented stability criteria.     

汉语阅读对英语阅读影响的研究

根据语言临界值假设以及语言相互依存假设设计了一项实证研究,数据分析表明,英语语言水平制约着汉语阅读能力的迁移,如果英语语言水平达到一定的临界值,汉语阅读能力向英语阅读迁移;在英语语言临界值中,英语词汇起着重要作用;推理和归纳等高层次的阅读技能受汉语阅读能力的影响最明显;而汉语阅读能力和技巧的不足也影响着正迁移过程,影响英语阅读能力的迅速提高。