Chiral <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-formyl amino alcohol as Lewis basic organocatalyst for enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketimines

Easily accessible (1R,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-2-formamidoethanol has been developed as an effective Lewis base catalyst in the enanti-oselective hydrosilylation of ketimines, affording high isolated yields (up to 94%) and moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 82% ee) for a broad range of ketimines.     

A new method to calculate monthly CO emissions using MOPITT satellite data

A new method is developed to calculate monthly CO emission data using MOZART modeled and MOPITT observed CO data in 2004. New CO emission data were obtained with budget analysis of the processes controlling CO concentration such as surface emission, transport, chemical transform and dry deposition. MOPITT data were used to constrain the model simulation. New CO emission data agree well with Horowitz’s emissions in the spatial distributions. Horowitz’s emissions are found to underes- timate CO emissions significantly in the industrial areas of Asia and North America, where high CO emissions are mainly due to the anthropogenic activities. New CO emissions can better reflect the more recent CO actual emissions than Horowitz’s.     

复杂下垫面碳通量足迹分析——以上海市奉贤大学城为例

基于位于上海市奉贤大学城的通量观测塔,利用ART Footprint Tool分析了各个风向(东南、西北、东北、西南4个方位)的碳通量足迹.结果表明:各个风向上的贡献源区碳通量数值范围基本一致,均可以代表研究区的总体碳通量范围(0~18μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1));碳通量贡献源区的通量峰值出现在东北方向(18μmol·m-2·s-1),东北方向的总体碳通量水平较高,其碳通量贡献比值最高(全天共36%),原因是东北方向单位面积上建筑物较多且靠近交通主干线,人类活动较多导致碳通量贡献比值最高,其他方向上的碳通量贡献比值相差不大.该研究可以为其他城市的碳循环研究提供服务和参考.     

Image forgery detection using segmentation and swarm intelligent algorithm

Small or smooth cloned regions are difficult to be detected in image copy-move forgery (CMF) detection. Aiming at this problem, an effective method based on image segmentation and swarm intelligent (SI) algorithm is proposed. This method segments image into small nonoverlapping blocks. A calculation of smooth degree is given for each block. Test image is segmented into independent layers according to the smooth degree. SI algorithm is applied in finding the optimal detection parameters for each layer. These parameters are used to detect each layer by scale invariant features transform (SIFT)-based scheme, which can locate a mass of keypoints. The experimental results prove the good performance of the proposed method, which is effective to identify the CMF image with small or smooth cloned region.     

Cobalt doped titanate nanotubes: Synthesis and properties

Cobalt oxide doped titanate nanotubes are synthesized with a simple hydrothermal treatment of mixed Co_3O_4 and TiO_2 powders. The formed tubular nanostructure, chemical composition,and the elemental distribution are analyzed using TEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, and XPS. The electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reactions and photodegradation against Rhodamine B are investigated. It has been found out that the oxygen evolutions starts at 0.8 V and reaches 0.98 mA ·cm~(–1) at 1.4 V vs. SCE. For photodegradation of Rhodamine B, the concentration decreased to 24% after 1 h irradiation using the sample with a mass percentage of 5% cobalt. The results demonstrate that the cobalt oxide doped titanate nanotubes are good candidates as electrocatalysts and photocatalytic materials.     

Secure pairing with wearable devices by using ambient sound and light

Wearable devices usually work together with smart phones. To ensure only legitimate smart phones can read the data, they must conduct pairing to establish a shared key. Traditional pairing methods require that the pairing devices have a keyboard or screen for user interaction. However, due to the size limitation, keyboards or screens are hard to be installed in the wearable devices. To solve this problem, we propose a novel pairing method by using ambient sound and light. In this new scheme, any pairing request from smart phone will trigger wearable device vibration. Only after users press the confirm key on the device can the pairing process continues. Then pairing devices collect ambient sound and light at the predetermined time and establish a shared key by using the Diffie-Hellman protocol. To protect against potential man-in-the-middle attacks in the key establishment process, an improved interlock protocol with sound and light comparison is conducted to authenticate the key. If both the sound and light collected by the pairing devices are similar enough, the key is accepted. Otherwise, it is rejected. Compared with current context based pairing methods, our scheme does not impose strict synchronization on devices to collect ambient context data. Moreover, our scheme need not collect and exchange contextual information for multiple times to resist offline brute force attacks. The experimental results and security analysis prove the effectiveness of our scheme.     

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of bobbin-tool friction stir welded 2024-T3 aluminum alloy

Cold-rolled 2024-T3 sheet alloy was subjected to bobbin-tool friction stir welding (BTFSW). The microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the nugget zone in the as-welded state were investigated. The results show that the equiaxed grain size of BTFSW 2024-T3 alloy decreases from 7.6 to 2.8 μm as the welding speed is increased from 80 to 120 mm/min; in addition, fine grains are generated in the nugget zone and the size distribution is non-uniform. All Al₂CuMg (S') precipitates dissolve into the Al matrix, whereas Mn-rich phases confirmed as T phases (Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃, Al₆Mn, or Al₃Mn) remain unchanged. The optimized parameters for BTFSW are verified as the rotation speed of 350 r/min and the travel speed of 100 mm/min. The variations in precipitation and dislocation play more important roles than grain size in the nugget zone with respect to influencing the mechanical properties during the BTFSW process. After the BTFSW process, the fracture mode of base material 2024-T3 alloy transforms from ductile rupture to ductile-brittle mixed fracture.     

严寒地区无砟轨道温度场及轨道板温度梯度预估模型

严寒地区无砟轨道结构的温度荷载取值,是轨道结构设计及服役性能研究急需解决的关键工程问题。基于东北地区大连、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨四个主要城市的历史气象数据及热力学基本原理,建立了CRTS Ⅰ 型板式无砟轨道-路基结构热力学模型,分析在不利气象条件下无砟轨道-路基结构温度场分布特征,拟合计算结果建立了轨道板最大正负温度梯度与气象数据关系预估模型,对东北严寒地区轨道板最不利温度梯度进行讨论。结果表明：CRTS Ⅰ 型板式无砟轨道-路基结构内部温度垂向分布呈非线性,0.2米深度范围内,轨道板及路基的日温度变化幅度较为剧烈,在一日内承受正负温度梯度的交替作用,1.4m深度后路基的温度趋于平稳,变化幅度可以忽略;通过日气温温差、日太阳辐射总量、风速三个主要气象数据,可以较好的预估CRTS Ⅰ 型板式无砟轨道轨道板一日内的最大正负温度梯度;轨道板的最大正温度梯度与日温差和太阳辐射总量成正比,与风速成反比,轨道板的最大负温度梯度与日温差、太阳辐射量及风速成正比。     

基于改进离散粒子群算法构建制造单元

在未知最佳分群单元数的情况下,考虑了零件多种可选工艺路径和零件工艺顺序,建立基于最小化零件跨单元移动次数的数学模型.通过引入自适应变异因子,提出一种改进的离散粒子群优化算法能动态地确定分群单元数,极大地减少了算法陷入局部最优解的可能.通过对文献中不同规模的单元构建问题进行求解,结果证明了该方法有效,并且无需预先设定分群单元数即可获得与文献中相同甚至更好的结果.     

Synthesis process of Ba-ferrites from α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH and investigation of magnetic properties

The claviform BaFe₁₂O₁₉ crystals were synthesized by the precipitation-toptactic reaction method using α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH as raw materials respectively. The synthesis processes of BaFe₁₂O₁₉, studied by XRD, SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and TG-DTA techniques, included preparations of precursor γ and precursor α, formations of α-Fe₂O₃ and BaFe₂O₄, and production of rod-like BaFe₁₂O₁₉ through dehydroxylation of pod-like FeOOH, followed by reactions of α-Fe₂O₃ with BaCO₃ and BaFe₂O₄. The crystallinity of α-Fe₂O₃ and BaCO₃ from precursor α was better than from precursor γ due to the direct dehydroxylation of α-FeOOH, resulting in a lower nucleation rate and better crystallinity of BaFe₂O₄. BaFe₁₂O₁₉ prepared from precursor α showed lower crystallinity and purity with a higher length-diameter ratio than from precursor γ. The VSM results proved that the appearance of final products had an important influence on magnetic properties.