温度控制系统的无超调模糊-PID控制器设计

文章提出一种针对典型温度控制系统的模糊-PID控制策略,使得系统在无超调的情况下获得最短的调节时间,以节省设备投资。对传统模糊控制方法与PID参数整定进行了改进,以适应本文所述情况。仿真结果表明本文的控制器设计方法简单实用,并有良好的控制效果。     

Review of public-key cryptosystem based on the error correcting code

The paper review the public-key cryptosystems based on the error correcting codes such as Goppa code, BCH code, RS code, rank distance code, algebraic geometric code as well as LDPC code, and made the comparative analyses of the merits and drawbacks of them. The cryptosystem based on Goppa code has high security, but can be achieved poor. The cryptosystems based on other error correcting codes have higher performance than Goppa code. But there are still some disadvantages to solve. At last, the paper produce an assumption of the Niederreiter cascade combination cryptosystem based on double public-keys under complex circumstances, which has higher performance and security than the traditional cryptosystems.     

工科大学研究生学术英语教学模式探究

为了应对高等教育国际化带来的机遇和挑战,工科大学研究生英语教学应该把重心放在强化研究生用英语获取科技信息并进行学术交流的能力。为此有必要在研究生阶段导入学术英语。然而多数从事研究生英语教学的教师缺乏专业知识,而绝大多数研究生在入学时也没有多少学术英语基础。介绍了如何分两阶段来组织、开展学术英语教学,循序渐进、逐步深入地培养工科大学研究生的学术英语素养。英语教师在教学中应注意学习积累专业知识,不仅要精通英语,而且对所教授的学科专业知识有所了解才能确保研究生学术英语教学质量。     

Liquid marbles.

The transport of a small amount of liquid on a solid is not a simple process, owing to the nature of the contact between the two phases. Setting a liquid droplet in motion requires non-negligible forces (because the contact-angle hysteresis generates a force opposing the motion), and often results in the deposition of liquid behind the drop. Different methods of levitation-electrostatic, electromagnetic, acoustic, or even simpler aerodynamic techniques-have been proposed to avoid this wetting problem, but all have proved to be rather cumbersome. Here we propose a simple alternative, which consists of encapsulating an aqueous liquid droplet with a hydrophobic powder. The resulting 'liquid marbles' are found to behave like a soft solid, and show dramatically reduced adhesion to a solid surface. As a result, motion can be generated using gravitational, electrical and magnetic fields. Moreover, because the viscous friction associated with motion is very small, we can achieve quick displacements of the droplets without any leaks. All of these features are of potential benefit in microfluidic applications, and also permit the study of a drop in a non-wetting situation-an issue of renewed interest following the recent achievement of super-hydrophobic substrates.     

NiO nanosheet assembles for supercapacitor electrode materials

In this paper, large scale hierarchically assembled Ni O nanosheets have been favorably fabricated through a facile hydrothermal route. The as-prepared Ni O nanosheet assembles were characterized in detail by various analytical techniques. The results showed these nanosheets present the thickness of about 30 nm and the surface area is 116.9 m~2 g~(-1). These NiO nanosheet assembles were used as the working electrode materials in electrochemical tests, which demonstrated a specific capacitance value of 81.67 Fg ~(-1)at the current density of 0.5 Ag~(-1)and excellent long cycle-life stability with 78.5% of its discharge specific capacitance retention after 3000 cycles at the current density of 0.5 Ag~(-1), revealing the as-synthesized NiO nanosheet assembles might be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications.     

星的全着色和计数

超图H的全着色是指同时给图中的顶点和超边进行着色,使相关联或相邻的元素间着不同的颜色,满足这一条件的最少色数就称为全色数,记为χT(H).超图的全着色又可以分成弱全着色和强全着色两种情况.本篇文章主要讨论超图中星形图S(v)的弱全着色和强全着色,并给出相应的弱全色数和强全色数,χWT(S(v))=Δ 1,χST(S(v))=M 1,以及有关全色数计数的相关结论.     

锂-空气电池研究进展

 锂-空气电池是通过金属锂与空气中的O₂反应产生电能,它的理论比容量高达3828mAh/g,在电动汽车等领域展现出重要的应用前景。本文综述了近年来锂-空气电池领域的最新研究进展,对有机体系、有机-水混合体系与固态体系三类锂-空气电池的结构与原理进行了分析。总结了有机体系的多孔碳空气电极、催化剂、电解液等方面的研究工作。多孔碳的孔容是决定空气电极比容量最重要的结构参数,具有高孔容的多孔碳可以为放电过程中生成的氧化锂提供更多的储存空间,从而表现出高的比容量,多孔碳的比表面积与平均孔径对比容量也有重要的影响;合适的电催化剂可以有效的降低氧还原反应与析氧反应的过电压,从而提高能量效率;具有高极性、低黏度、低吸湿性、高溶解氧的电解液有利于改善电池的相关性能。总结了有机-水混合体系的隔膜、电解液等方面的研究工作。对有机相与水相电解液均具有良好抗化学腐蚀性的超级锂离子导通玻璃膜是目前有机-水混合体系研究的关键。总结了固态体系最新的研究进展。此外,展望了锂-空气电池领域今后的发展方向。     

The ribosome uses two active mechanisms to unwind messenger RNA during translation

The ribosome translates the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA into protein. Folded structures in the coding region of an mRNA represent a kinetic barrier that lowers the peptide elongation rate, as the ribosome must disrupt structures it encounters in the mRNA at its entry site to allow translocation to the next codon. Such structures are exploited by the cell to create diverse strategies for translation regulation, such as programmed frameshifting, the modulation of protein expression levels, ribosome localization and co-translational protein folding. Although strand separation activity is inherent to the ribosome, requiring no exogenous helicases, its mechanism is still unknown. Here, using a single-molecule optical tweezers assay on mRNA hairpins, we find that the translation rate of identical codons at the decoding centre is greatly influenced by the GC content of folded structures at the mRNA entry site. Furthermore, force applied to the ends of the hairpin to favour its unfolding significantly speeds translation. Quantitative analysis of the force dependence of its helicase activity reveals that the ribosome, unlike previously studied helicases, uses two distinct active mechanisms to unwind mRNA structure: it destabilizes the helical junction at the mRNA entry site by biasing its thermal fluctuations towards the open state, increasing the probability of the ribosome translocating unhindered; and it mechanically pulls apart the mRNA single strands of the closed junction during the conformational changes that accompany ribosome translocation. The second of these mechanisms ensures a minimal basal rate of translation in the cell; specialized, mechanically stable structures are required to stall the ribosome temporarily. Our results establish a quantitative mechanical basis for understanding the mechanism of regulation of the elongation rate of translation by structured mRNAs.     

Hedgehog/Wnt feedback supports regenerative proliferation of epithelial stem cells in bladder

Epithelial integrity in metazoan organs is maintained through the regulated proliferation and differentiation of organ-specific stem and progenitor cells. Although the epithelia of organs such as the intestine regenerate constantly and thus remain continuously proliferative, other organs, such as the mammalian urinary bladder, shift from near-quiescence to a highly proliferative state in response to epithelial injury. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this injury-induced mode of regenerative response are poorly defined. Here we show in mice that the proliferative response to bacterial infection or chemical injury within the bladder is regulated by signal feedback between basal cells of the urothelium and the stromal cells that underlie them. We demonstrate that these basal cells include stem cells capable of regenerating all cell types within the urothelium, and are marked by expression of the secreted protein signal Sonic hedgehog (Shh). On injury, Shh expression in these basal cells increases and elicits increased stromal expression of Wnt protein signals, which in turn stimulate the proliferation of both urothelial and stromal cells. The heightened activity of this signal feedback circuit and the associated increase in cell proliferation appear to be required for restoration of urothelial function and, in the case of bacterial injury, may help clear and prevent further spread of infection. Our findings provide a conceptual framework for injury-induced epithelial regeneration in endodermal organs, and may provide a basis for understanding the roles of signalling pathways in cancer growth and metastasis.     

基于幂函数控制指令的垂直飞行仿真性能分析

基于模态直接切换的飞行高度控制方法,在输入控制指令后,存在控制量输出震荡,甚至发散的问题。幂函数符合飞行高度指令变化规律,以此为原型函数,推导给定高度,当前高度和垂直速度之间的关系,将这一变换关系作为垂直速度控制回路的输入指令,设计了平稳控制系统,该系统不需要进行控制模态切换,就可以实现飞行高度保持,以及飞行高度的改变。通过A320飞行仿真平台对设计的平稳控制系统进行性能分析,结果表明该系统可以实现高度的平稳控制,且稳态误差得到了很好抑制。