一个印刷电路板布线计算机辅助设计系统

本文介绍一个实用的人机交互式印刷电路板布线系统。该系统侧重解决模似电路元件构成的单面印刷电路板布线问题。系统不仅可以设计出直接用于制版的印刷电路板版图,还可以给出标有元件图形、汉字、符号的套色元件装配图,并且可以绘出电路原理图。根据所绘电路原理图还可以自动提取元件明细表、电路连接关系表,电路基本描述文件等。     

Synergistically optimizing electrical and thermal transport properties of ntype PbSe

In this paper,we report that the thermoelectric performance of n-type Pb Se could be improved through synergistically optimizing electrical and thermal transport properties via Sb doping and Mg alloying.The carrier concentration was firstly optimized through Sb doping,resulting in a maximum power factor of~15.4μW cm~(-1)K~(-2)and maximum ZT of~0.9 at 873 K in Pb_(0.99)Sb_(0.01)Se.Then,Mg was selected for alloying in Pb sites to produce point defects,which can largely intensify the phonon scattering and lower thermal conductivity.After Mg alloying,the thermal conductivity at 300 K(873 K)was significantly suppressed from~4.6 Wm~(-1)K~(-1)(1.5 Wm~(-1)K~(-1))for Pb_(0.99)Sb_(0.01)Se to~2.9 Wm~(-1)K~(-1)(1.1 Wm~(-1)K~(-1))for Pb_(0.99)Sb_(0.01)Se-6%Mg Se.Through combining Sb doping and Mg alloying,a maximum ZT of~1.1 was achieved at 873 K for Pb_(0.99)Sb_(0.01)Se-6%Mg Se,and the average ZT(ZT_(ave))was increased by 28.6%from~0.42 for Pb_(0.99)Sb_(0.01)Se to~0.54 for Pb_(0.99)Sb_(0.01)Se-6%Mg Se.The results indicate that Pb Se is a robust candidate for medium-temperature thermoelectric applications.     

近距空中支援中无人机目标分配问题研究

利用无人机实施近距空中支援作战是当前研究的重点,需针对复杂战场环境对实行多目标火力打击的无人机进行路径优化与目标分配。综合考虑无人机飞行高度、不同武器挂载、目标类型及各项指标、威胁区威胁代价、作战时间代价等因素,构建目标毁伤综合指标提高非对称打击效能,设置威胁区安全阈值提高路径有效性分析,采取自适应权重粒子群协同优化算法求解单无人机单目标航迹总代价,采取0-1规划法求解多无人机对多目标的不平衡任务分配方案,为近距空中支援任务中多无人机对多目标的分配提供决策支撑。     

中低速磁浮诱发交通枢纽换乘中心振动响应研究

针对中低速磁浮诱发机场综合交通枢纽换乘中心（GTC）振动问题,建立磁浮列车-轨道梁耦合振动模型和轨道梁-GTC-土体有限元模型,采用两步法对车致GTC振动响应特征、传播规律和振级进行分析.磁浮列车采用多体动力学建模,轨道梁采用有限元法建模,两者之间通过线性化磁轨关系形成耦合振动模型,并通过与现场实测结果对比验证了模型的正确性.基于所建立的耦合振动模型,获取H型钢轨枕与承轨台之间的扣件力时程并将其施加在轨道梁-GTC-土体模型上,通过瞬态分析得到了GTC典型观测点的动力响应.结果表明：磁浮列车诱发振动沿高度方向传播时,结构柱和楼板的振动响应均随高度的增加先减小后增大,沿水平方向传播时,振动响应随距离的增大而快速衰减;GTC振动响应存在明显的倍频现象,即扣件力主频倍频处振动响应的功率谱密度曲线存在明显峰值;当车速为60 km/h时,车辆激励主频与轨道梁一阶竖向自振频率接近,此时观测点的1/3倍频程最大振级大于其他车速;当磁浮列车以60~120 km/h车速通过GTC时,各楼层最大Z振级均未超过规范限值,表明该机场GTC具有良好的整体刚度.     

炼钢电弧炉电气量的微机测试

本文论述了炼钢电弧炉电气量测量的基本原理,介绍了测量电路的设计和软件流程,并进行了误差分析。在工频正弦情况下对测量电路进行了调试。文中指出了非正弦平均功率的计量标准丞待建立。     

“材料基因组”方法加速热电材料性能优化

通过材料计算、数据库技术的整合与协同,可以快速甄别决定材料性能的基本关键因素,将这种方法用于材料的性能优化和新材料的设计,可以实现科学化"系统寻优"的材料基因组方法,显著加快热电材料的设计与性能优化。以填充方钴矿材料和类金刚石结构化合物为例,从电子和声子优化的不同角度,采用材料基因组方法从成百上千种可能性中快速筛选和制备出高性能热电材料,展示了材料基因组方法可显著加速热电材料研究的能力。     

玄武湖菹草种群的生态因子场特征

利用实地调查和实验数据分析,构建了玄武湖菹草种群存在下的生态因子场,直观地展示出各项理化因子在空间的分布状况,体现了水环境的空间异质性.通过对生态因子场的特征分析,确定玄武湖菹草种群的密度与透明度、水深/透明度、浊度、pH值、硝酸盐NO3--N含量具有空间相关性,而与总氮和总磷含量无明显的空间关联性.     

Convergence of electronic bands for high performance bulk thermoelectrics

Thermoelectric generators, which directly convert heat into electricity, have long been relegated to use in space-based or other niche applications, but are now being actively considered for a variety of practical waste heat recovery systems-such as the conversion of car exhaust heat into electricity. Although these devices can be very reliable and compact, the thermoelectric materials themselves are relatively inefficient: to facilitate widespread application, it will be desirable to identify or develop materials that have an intensive thermoelectric materials figure of merit, zT, above 1.5 (ref. 1). Many different concepts have been used in the search for new materials with high thermoelectric efficiency, such as the use of nanostructuring to reduce phonon thermal conductivity, which has led to the investigation of a variety of complex material systems. In this vein, it is well known that a high valley degeneracy (typically ≤6 for known thermoelectrics) in the electronic bands is conducive to high zT, and this in turn has stimulated attempts to engineer such degeneracy by adopting low-dimensional nanostructures. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to direct the convergence of many valleys in a bulk material by tuning the doping and composition. By this route, we achieve a convergence of at least 12 valleys in doped PbTe(1-x)Se(x) alloys, leading to an extraordinary zT value of 1.8 at about 850 kelvin. Band engineering to converge the valence (or conduction) bands to achieve high valley degeneracy should be a general strategy in the search for and improvement of bulk thermoelectric materials, because it simultaneously leads to a high Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity.     

关于强渐近有界映射的不动点定理

Ｗ．Ｖｐｅｔｒｙｓｈｙｎ和Ｔ．ＥＷｉｕｉａｍｓｏｎ［１］研究了度量空间上正则映射和拟非展映射的不动点集的性质．ＧｉｕｓｅｐｐｅＭａｒｉｎｉ［２］和Ｒａｉｎｅｒ．Ｗｉｔｔｍａｎｎ［３］等人用各种叠代方法去逼近不动点．在本文中，我们引进了强渐近有界映射的概念并证明了一个不动点定理．