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201.
Eeles RA Kote-Jarai Z Giles GG Olama AA Guy M Jugurnauth SK Mulholland S Leongamornlert DA Edwards SM Morrison J Field HI Southey MC Severi G Donovan JL Hamdy FC Dearnaley DP Muir KR Smith C Bagnato M Ardern-Jones AT Hall AL O'Brien LT Gehr-Swain BN Wilkinson RA Cox A Lewis S Brown PM Jhavar SG Tymrakiewicz M Lophatananon A Bryant SL;UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators;British Association of Urological Surgeons' Section of Oncology;UK ProtecT Study Collaborators Horwich A Huddart RA 《Nature genetics》2008,40(3):316-321
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting males in developed countries. It shows consistent evidence of familial aggregation, but the causes of this aggregation are mostly unknown. To identify common alleles associated with prostate cancer risk, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using blood DNA samples from 1,854 individuals with clinically detected prostate cancer diagnosed at =60 years or with a family history of disease, and 1,894 population-screened controls with a low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration (<0.5 ng/ml). We analyzed these samples for 541,129 SNPs using the Illumina Infinium platform. Initial putative associations were confirmed using a further 3,268 cases and 3,366 controls. We identified seven loci associated with prostate cancer on chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 19 and X (P = 2.7 x 10(-8) to P = 8.7 x 10(-29)). We confirmed previous reports of common loci associated with prostate cancer at 8q24 and 17q. Moreover, we found that three of the newly identified loci contain candidate susceptibility genes: MSMB, LMTK2 and KLK3. 相似文献
202.
203.
S. F. Aliño 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1984,40(9):974-975
Summary The inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin treatment blocks the somatostatin preventive effect on the gastric lesions induced in a stress model and has no preventive effect on an intragastric distension model. 相似文献
204.
证明了下列结果: 设R是一个2-非挠质环; J
是一个Jordan理想, 且是R的子环. 如果φ: R→R是一个自同构, 且对所有的u∈J, 满足:
φ(u2)=φ(u)2, 则对所有的u,v∈J, 有
φ(uv)=φ(u)φ(v)或φ(uv)=φ(v)φ(u). 相似文献
205.
206.
Jinghui Li Rui Kang Ali Mosleh Xing Pan .School of Reliability Systems Engineering Beihang University Beijing P.R.China .Center for Risk Reliability University of Maryl College Park MD USA 《系统工程与电子技术(英文版)》2011,(6):1015-1022
This paper presents a methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios for dynamic reliability applications in which some dynamic characteristics(e.g.,the order,timing and magnitude of events,the value of relevant process parameters and initial conditions) have a significant influence on the evolution of the system.The main idea of the methodology is:(i) making the system model "express itself" through simulation by having the model driven by an elaborated simulation engine;(ii) exploiting uniform design to pick out a small subset of representative design points from the space of relevant dynamic characteristics;(iii) for each selected design point,employing a depth-first systematic exploration strategy to cover all possible scenario branches at each branch point.A highly dynamic example adapted from the literature(a chemical batch reactor) is studied to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. 相似文献
207.
208.
Mohamed?A.?Wahdan Pieter?Spronck Hamdi?F.?Ali Eddy?Vaassen H.?Jaap?Van Den?HerikEmail author 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2005,18(6):569-580
Most corporations are required by law to produce annual reports on their financial positions. These financial reports are accompanied by an auditor's report, which is an independent auditor's opinion on the fairness of the financial statements. To formulate their reports, auditors use a “personal-judgement” approach that heavily depends on their experience and expertise. This approach may be (1) ineffective and may lead to (2) different decisions, (3) personal bias, and (4) misleading judgements. These four drawbacks of a human auditor are a source of doubt and hesitation for every corporation. Therefore, the challenging question is: Can a computer do a better job? This paper focuses on the construction and implementation of a knowledge-based system, called the “Auditor's Report EXpert” (AREX), that is capable of formulating the opinion on financial statements, as expressed in the auditor's report. The knowledge used by AREX is acquired from the literature, and from a slate of practicing and academic auditors by means of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. A preliminary validation of AREX indicates that AREX is successful in performing the auditor's report task. Hence, we tentatively conclude that currently a computer program can support an auditor in his/her task. Moreover, in the foreseeable futur's reports that are effective, universal in their decisions, do not show a personal bias, and do not have misleading statements. 相似文献
209.
Oaks JL Gilbert M Virani MZ Watson RT Meteyer CU Rideout BA Shivaprasad HL Ahmed S Chaudhry MJ Arshad M Mahmood S Ali A Khan AA 《Nature》2004,427(6975):630-633
210.
Ali K Bilancio A Thomas M Pearce W Gilfillan AM Tkaczyk C Kuehn N Gray A Giddings J Peskett E Fox R Bruce I Walker C Sawyer C Okkenhaug K Finan P Vanhaesebroeck B 《Nature》2004,431(7011):1007-1011
Inflammatory substances released by mast cells induce and maintain the allergic response. Mast cell differentiation and activation are regulated, respectively, by stem cell factor (SCF; also known as Kit ligand) and by allergen in complex with allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Activated SCF receptors and high-affinity receptors for IgE (FcvarepsilonRI) engage phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI(3)Ks) to generate intracellular lipid second messenger signals. Here, we report that genetic or pharmacological inactivation of the p110delta isoform of PI(3)K in mast cells leads to defective SCF-mediated in vitro proliferation, adhesion and migration, and to impaired allergen-IgE-induced degranulation and cytokine release. Inactivation of p110delta protects mice against anaphylactic allergic responses. These results identify p110delta as a new target for therapeutic intervention in allergy and mast-cell-related pathologies. 相似文献