堆山工程软土地基Biot固结的非线性有限元分析

本文在文献[1]、[2]给出的软土地基Biot固结的有限元构式及程序基础上,对某大型堆山工程分级加荷施工过程中,软土地基的固结变形,附加应力及超孔隙水压力分布,塑性区的开展等进行了弹性非线性有限元的计算分析,得出了在理论和工程应用上一些有意义的结论。本文的计算方法和结果,可供工程技术人员在类似工程的初步设计时借鉴和参考。有些内容尚可进一步研究和探讨。     

语境对语义的作用探析

语境是语义学中一个重要的范畴。以丰富的例句从以下四个方面：使语言中的多义和歧义现象获得明确的单一性；影响语义的感情色彩；语义的语体色彩及填补或丰富语言本身的意义探讨了语境对语义的作用，旨在唤起读者学会在不同的语境中择取语义的自觉意识。     

挤压油膜柔性转子系统的优化设计

将优化设计方法应用于挤压油膜阻尼器－滑动轴承－柔性转子系统，从优化变量的选取、目标函数、约束条件等几方面来确定优化设计的数学模型，并将此模型应用于具体的实例中。计算表明，转子系统通过优化，能有效地改善系统运行的稳定性能。     

蔗头象虫──细平象甲的研究初报

细平象（Ｔｒｏｃｈｏｒｈｏｐｄａｌｕｓｈｕｍｅｒａｌｉｓｃｈｅｖｒｏｌａｔ）是云南蔗区近十年来发展起来的一种新的地下害虫，以幼虫和成虫在甘蔗地下蔗头内蛀食，损失严重，一年发生一代。研究了该虫的生活习性及发生环境，发现成虫在蔗头内越冬，并提出了相应的防治措施。     

HPLC测定包覆火药中的DNT及其迁移速率常数

用高效液相色谱法测定包覆火药中２，４－二硝基甲苯含量，样品用甲醇超声提取，在ＬｉｃｈｒｏｓｏｒｂＲＰ－１８，５μｍ柱上进行分析流动相甲醇－水（６０：４０Ｖ／Ｖ），检测波长２５４ｎｍ，方法的平均回收率９９．３％，相对标准偏差１．０％．关于迁移速率常数的估算，在恒温烘箱中，使包覆火药中２，４－二硝基甲苯加速向单基药膜扩散，间隔不同时间取出，测定其含量，进而按动力学方法得出常温（２５℃）下包覆火药中２，４－二硝基甲苯的迁移速率常数为１．４７×１０－９ｍ２／ｓ．     

评岛尾永康的《中国化学史》

文章对于日本学者撰写的第一部《中国化学史》进行了分析评论，认为该书具有的主要特点是：（１）时代性，概括了直到１９９２年以前的最新研究成果；（２）严谨性，运用文献丰富，以求得出严密结论；（３）辩驳性，注意从不同见解的争论中进行阐述，自然得出结论；（４）社会性，注意把化学发展置于整个社会中考察，揭示深层动因；（５）比较性，注意把中国化学发展置于世界范围考察，体现中国的特点和作用；（６）形象性，运用相当丰富的图片进行叙述，具体、生动；（７）日本视野性，以日本学者特有的角度阐述中国化学发展，具有独到之处。文章还指出了该书一些需要改进和提高之处。     

磺化二氯苯醚菊酯的结构鉴定

二氯苯醚菊酯磺化粗产物经衍生化反就后和到其苄基硫脲衍生物，通过对该衍生物的结构分析，最终确定了磺化物的确切结构。     

K-rich lamellar exsolution in clinopyroxene： Constraint on the depth of peridotite source at Zhimafang

The oriented lamellar K-rich exsolutions within clinopyroxene host were recognized in garnet peridotite massif at Zhimafang in the Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic terrane, eastern China. EMP and TEM analyses revealed that the composition and the index of electron diffraction for this exsolution are corresponding with phlogopite, and the shape is the lamellae with 1 μm in width and 5 to 30 μm in length. Moreover, the topotaxy is that the (001) of K-rich exsolution parallels to (I00) of the clinopyroxene host. The electron diffraction analyzing shows the exsolution is of a 1M polymorphism. The high-resolution lattice fringe image displays the stack features along [001], which only a layer mineral shows. We conclude that the clinopyroxene with IM and K-rich exsolution was probably derived from mantle depths over 240 km, thus resulting from decompressional exsolution in the initial stage of slab exhumation.     

Special IR properties of palladium nanoparticles and their aggregations in CO molecular probe infrared spectroscopy

Dispersed Pd nanoparticles (Pdn) have been synthesized by reducing H2PdCI4 with ethanol, and stabilized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Pdn is applied to the glassy carbon substrate to form a thin film, and then the potential cyclic scanning at 50 mV.s^-1 from -0.25 to 1.25 V was carried out for about 30 min to form the aggregations of Pdn (Pdn^ag). FTIR spectroscopy of both transmission and reflection modes was employed to study CO adsorption on Pdn and Pdn^ag in both solidlliquid and solidlgas interfaces. It has been revealed that CO adsorption on Pdn film yields two IRbands near 1964 and 1906 cm-1, which are assigned to IR absorption of CO bonded on asymmetric and symmetric bridge sites, respectively. In contrast to the IR properties of CO adsorbed on Pdn, only species of CO bonded on asymmetric bridge sites was determined on Pdn^ag, and the direction of the IR band near 1963 cm^-1 is completely inverted. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the COB^as band near 1964 cm^-1 is measured to be 14 cm^-1 on Pdn film, while it is 24 cm^-1 on Pdn^ag film. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inverting of the IR band direction is a general phenomenon that is closely related to the interaction between nanoparticles in aggregation of Pdn.