北海市南部近岸局部海域细菌变化研究

选取北海市南部的北背岭村和大墩海村附近海域共2个站点,于2004年6~8月用平板计数法对水体的异养菌和弧菌进行计数,并用SPSS软件进行相关性分析,根据海域异养菌总数评价等级标准评价海域的污染状态。结果表明,北背岭站点的异养菌数量变化为1.15×103~1.33×104cfu/m l,平均为4.85×103cfu/m l,6月中旬至7月份异养菌数量变化幅度大;弧菌数在103cfu/m l以内,平均为1.48×103cfu/m l,7月中下旬变化明显,异养菌与弧菌的相关系数为0.62。大墩海站点的异养菌变化范围为7.35×102~1.23×104cfu/m l,平均为3.54×103cfu/m l,6、7月份变化比较平缓,8月份变化幅度大;弧菌数主要在1.00×102~2.50×103cfu/m l之间的较低值变化,平均为8.22×102cfu/m l,变化趋势与异养菌相似,异养菌、弧菌的相关系数为0.84。北背岭站点海域处于中污染状态,大墩海站点海域处于轻污染至中污染状态。     

西湖凹陷平湖组低渗储层特征及“甜点”主控因素分析

西湖凹陷平湖斜坡始新统平湖组油气储量大,是西湖凹陷主要勘探层系之一。但平湖组埋深大,储层渗透率低、非均质性强,低渗透背景下“甜点”储层的发育机理和分布规律不明,造成储量级别难以提升。复杂多样的成岩作用是造成这一问题的关键因素。对平湖组储层平面分区、纵向分段、空间分微相进行了精细评价,结合成岩作用研究,探讨深部储层低渗和非均质性的形成机理,明确储层差异及影响因素。研究揭示,沉积微相和次生溶蚀是影响深部储层物性分布的重要因素,沉积微相与以胶结率和溶蚀量为主构成的成岩相共同控制了平湖组储层物性分级;潮道、砂坪、水下分流河道、河口坝相中的弱胶结强溶蚀相、弱胶结中溶蚀以及中弱胶结中溶蚀成岩相储层质量最好。指出平湖斜坡孔雀亭西、宝武亭平四-平五段潮道砂体为储层“甜点”,孔雀亭东、团结亭平二-平三段三角洲水下分流河道砂体为储层“甜点”。研究成果为有利储层分布预测奠定了基础,为油气勘探开发指明了方向。     

操作参数耦合对质子交换膜燃料电池性能影响的模拟研究

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)不受卡诺循环限制,能量转换效率高,被认为是最有潜力的绿色能源转换装置之一。为了最大程度地发挥燃料电池运行时的潜能,对操作参数控制的优化和研究变得至关重要。使用ANSYS/FLUENT建立了一个采用多平行蛇形流道的三维质子交换膜单体模型,开展不同操作压力(101.325、202.65、303.975 kPa)、进口温度(300、330 K)和散热率[5、40、60 W/(m~2·K)]下的性能变化模拟计算,分析不同操作参数及各参数耦合对燃料电池性能的影响。研究结果表明:各操作参数对燃料电池电流密度和温度的变化和分布情况均有显著影响;燃料电池性能在一定程度上随着散热率、操作压力及其进口温度的增加而升高,随工作电压的增加而下降;当工作电压为0.9 V时,电压对燃料电池性能的影响占据支配地位;当电压为0.5 V、散热率为60 W/(m~2·K)、操作压力为303.975 kPa时,电流密度最大,达到0.81 A/m~2。     

新场气田须二气藏单井气水层识别模型研究

川西新场气田须二气藏为典型的低渗致密碎屑岩气藏,由于地质条件复杂,储层非均质性严重,气水分布十分复
杂,束缚水含量较高,气层、气水同层电阻率界限模糊不清,测井解释往往造成很大误判。针对这一难点,应用基于粒子群
算法（PSO）的核主成分分析与支持向量机（KPCA–SVM）模型进行气水层识别。模型先通过核主成分分析（KPCA）进行
非线性属性变量提取,再将提取的属性变量作为支持向量机（SVM）的输入变量,在识别过程中利用粒子群算法（PSO）寻
优,最终实现气水层识别。将模型应用于新场气田须二气藏气水层识别,识别结果符合研究区的实际情况。     

Influence of Al on the magnetostriction of Fe-Ga polycrystal alloys under compressive stress

Fe₈₀Ga_20?xAl_x (x = 0, 6, 9, 14) ingots were prepared from high purity elements using a vacuum induction system. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the alloys are A2 disordered structures. The influence of the partial substitution of Ga in Fe-Ga alloys with Al on their magnetostrictive properties was investigated, and the effects of different heat treatment conditions on the magnetostriction and microstructure of the alloy rods were also examined. The saturation magnetostriction value of Fe₈₀Ga₂₀ can reach to 240·10?6 under a compressive stress of 20 MPa. The Fe₈₀Ga₁₁Al₉ alloy has many good properties, such as low hysteresis, high linearity of the magnetostriction curve, and low saturated magnetic field, which make it a potential candidate for magnetostrictive actuator and transducer applications. It is found that subgrains have little influence on the magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloys.     

疏浚泥浆的混凝沉降特性及絮体形态

疏浚工程中会产生大量的疏浚泥浆,其浓度低、颗粒细小、长期悬浮难以沉降,占用大量土地。利用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为混凝剂加速泥浆泥水分离,通过沉降界面高度、沉降速率及沉降后上覆水的浊度,确定混凝剂的最佳投加量,利用激光粒度仪和显微镜对絮体粒径及絮体形态进行分析,探究疏浚泥浆的混凝沉降特性及混凝机制,并提出混凝沉降模式。结果表明,在PAM作用下,疏浚泥浆在高混合强度、短时间内即形成较大、较密实的絮体,5 min内基本处于沉降稳定状态;PAM最佳投加量与泥浆含固量有关,为0.8wt%,此时沉降高度最高、沉降速度最快、上覆水浊度最低、絮体粒径基本保持不变、絮体分形维数为最大值。疏浚泥浆的混凝沉降过程经历快速沉降、缓慢沉降、稳定三个阶段,即絮团的沉降、压缩、自重固结过程。     

氯代环丙烷振动光谱和简振模分析的理论研究

用B3LYP/AUG-cc-pVDZ方法,优化氯代环丙烷的几何构型.在此基础上,进行简振频率、红外光谱、拉曼光谱以及简振模的计算.根据所得数据,对氯代环丙烷的振动光谱、简振模振动方式与分类、简振模与振动光谱的对应关系进行了详细分析和讨论.     

一种步进MFSK调制的雷达通信共享信号设计方法

雷达波形通常采用低占空比的脉冲发射,而通信波形为了提高信息传输速率采用连续波发射。针对利用雷达波形实现通信功能所存在的通信速率低的问题,提出了基于步进频信号的雷达通信共享信号。首先结合多进制频移键控(multi frequency shift keying,MFSK)的调制方式,建立了步进频〖CD*2〗MFSK的一体化信号模型;然后推导出该信号的模糊函数和自相关特性,并分析了携带通信信息对雷达探测性能的影响;最后给出了通信信息的解调方法。仿真结果验证了该信号能够兼顾雷达探测威力和信息传输的效率及可靠性。     

Guidance laws based on <Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis><Subscript>∞</Subscript> observer considering measurement noises

Since in practice the line-of-sight (LOS) rate is difficult for a pursuer to measure accurately, the robust nonlinear H _∞ observer is applied to estimate it using LOS azimuths without any priori information of target maneuvers or its estimate in the presence of measurement noise. A threedimensional guidance law is implemented by replacing the LOS rate with their estimates using only relative range, speed, and LOS azimuths. The stability analyses and performed simulations results show that the presented approach is effective.     

Quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over 100-kilometre free-space channels

Transferring an unknown quantum state over arbitrary distances is essential for large-scale quantum communication and distributed quantum networks. It can be achieved with the help of long-distance quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution. The latter is also important for fundamental tests of the laws of quantum mechanics. Although quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over moderate distances have been realized using optical fibre links, the huge photon loss and decoherence in fibres necessitate the use of quantum repeaters for larger distances. However, the practical realization of quantum repeaters remains experimentally challenging. Free-space channels, first used for quantum key distribution, offer a more promising approach because photon loss and decoherence are almost negligible in the atmosphere. Furthermore, by using satellites, ultra-long-distance quantum communication and tests of quantum foundations could be achieved on a global scale. Previous experiments have achieved free-space distribution of entangled photon pairs over distances of 600?metres (ref. 14) and 13?kilometres (ref. 15), and transfer of triggered single photons over a 144-kilometre one-link free-space channel. Most recently, following a modified scheme, free-space quantum teleportation over 16?kilometres was demonstrated with a single pair of entangled photons. Here we report quantum teleportation of independent qubits over a 97-kilometre one-link free-space channel with multi-photon entanglement. An average fidelity of 80.4?±?0.9 per cent is achieved for six distinct states. Furthermore, we demonstrate entanglement distribution over a two-link channel, in which the entangled photons are separated by 101.8?kilometres. Violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality is observed without the locality loophole. Besides being of fundamental interest, our results represent an important step towards a global quantum network. Moreover, the high-frequency and high-accuracy acquiring, pointing and tracking technique developed in our experiment can be directly used for future satellite-based quantum communication and large-scale tests of quantum foundations.