Preliminary animal studies on observation of injured spinal cord with intraoperative ultrasound backscatter microscopy

Many studies have shown that strategies of nerve regeneration and cell-based transplantation are valid based on animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI).To apply these strategies and bridge spinal cord defects,the identification and precise localization of lesions during spinal cord surgery is necessary.The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the capabilities of ultrasound backscatter microscopy (UBM) in identifying morphologic changes after SCI.After laminectomy,high-resolution ultrasound images of the spinal cord were obtained in one normal and seven spinal cord-injured adult Wistar rats using a UBM system with a 55-MHz center frequency scanner.Comparison between histoanatomic and UBM images was also performed.The results showed that UBM can identify cysts after the experimental SCI is removed in adult rats.In addition,the glial scar formed in secondary injury showed obvious hyperechoic speckle in the UBM image and correlated with the histoanatomic image.UBM has obvious clinical value in nerve regeneration and cell-based transplantation strategies in injured spinal cords.     

基于混合方式的虚拟学习研究

随着对自主学习、探究学习、合作学习的不断深入研究,学习方式在具体教学领域的应用也成为了研究者广泛关注的对象。远程学习在终身教育理念不断深入的今天,成为了学习者追捧的学习途径之一。通过对"自主、探究、合作"学习方式的特点分析,探究建立基于"自主、探究、合作"混合环境的虚拟学习模式,以求寻找出其在虚拟学习中的作用。     

C-terminal domain of Chk1 regulates its subcellular location and kinase activity for DNA repair

Effector kinase Chk1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase. It is a key mediator linking the mechanisms that monitor DNA integrity to components of the cell cycle engine. In this study, recombinant vectors pEGFP-C1-Chk1/C 288/C 334/C 368 were constructed and transfected into HeLa cells to study the effect of the Chk1 regulatory domain on the regulation of subcellular Chk1 location in response to DNA damage. We found that DNA damage-induced nuclear accumulation is regulated by 34 amino acids (334–368) in the C-terminal regulatory domain. Recombinant vectors pXJ41-Chk1/C 288/C 334/C 368 were co-transfected with reporter plasmid pEGFP-N2 into HeLa cells to study the repair abilities of the different human Chk1 truncation mutants. In addition, recombinant vectors were transfected into HeLa cells to study the effects of the different truncation mutants on the cell cycle. Furthermore, to study the kinase activity of the different truncation mutants, Ser216 phosphorylation of Cdc25C was studied by Western blot analysis. We found that the enzymatic activity of C 368, missing the 108 C-terminal amino acids (368–476), was higher than that of full-length Chk1, and C 368 delayed the cell cycle progression. The enzymatic activity of C 334, missing the 142 C-terminal amino acids (334–476), was equivalent to that of full-length Chk1. C 288, missing the 188 C-terminal amino acids (288–476), had almost no enzymatic activity, suggesting that the regulatory domain contains both inhibitory and regulatory elements. This study provides useful information for further research on Chk1 function.     

Effect of China’s rapid development on its iconic giant panda

Anthropogenic factors affect biodiversity and have led to the contraction or extinction of animal populations worldwide.Here,we use historical demographic data,spanning the past 300 years,to show that a rapid distributional contraction of giant pandas took place during the 18th and 19th centuries alongside the increase in human population.Land-use also underwent a significant change across the areas where giant pandas were found because of government agricultural policy and the introduction of new crops.The impact of social development on giant pandas includes habitat loss and fragmentation,and range reductions.Our findings would facilitate the design of effective conservation strategies that seek to conserve and increase current habitats of this iconic species,especially in areas that our analysis has identified as places where pandas have suffered from high human pressure.     

合理利用高炉烟尘

本文在分析高炉烟尘的性质和特点的基础上，采用磁选法处理高炉烟尘，取得了理想的结果．处理重力尘可获得铁精矿，其产率为５７．２８％，精矿品位为５１．４％Ｆｅ，铁的回收率７６．８％，锌的脱除率为８２．７９％，此法也适合处理尘泥，实验对尘泥中有价金属的分布也进行了工作，查清了分布趋势为综合提取有价金属创造了条件     

AZ31镁合金表面通过Na2 EDTA诱导羟基磷灰石膜层的形成及腐蚀行为

由于Na2EDTA有六个配位原子,可以和Ca,Mg等离子形成稳定的水溶性络合物,可以控制整个反应体系的反应速度。以Ca(OH)2和NaH2PO4为前驱物,通过Na2EDTA辅助诱导在AZ31轧板上制备羟基磷灰石(HA)纳米片膜层;用XRD、HRTEM、FE-SEM、EDS等手段对膜层的结构和形貌进行了表征,结果证实膜层是由厚度为96μm的结晶性良好HA纳米片组成;讨论了Na2EDTA辅助诱导生成HA的反应机理。质量分数为0.9的NaCl溶液的电化学测试结果表明,实验所得的HA膜层相对于基体自腐蚀电位正移,进一步地证实HA膜层可以有效地防护镁合金基底。     

An experimental study on fine structures of supersonic laminar/turbulent flow over a backward-facing step based on NPLS

Fine structures of supersonic flow over a 5 mm high backward facing step(BFS),including expansion wave fan,reattachment shock,supersonic boundary layer were measured in a Ma=3.0 low-noise indraft wind tunnel.By varying the superficial roughness of the wall upstream from the step,supersonic laminar flow and supersonic turbulent flow could be formed over a BFS.Measurements on the spatiotemporal features of the holistic flow field and the fine structures in four typical regions were carried out using NPLS(nano-based planar laser scattering).Flow structures,including expansion wave fan,reattachment shock,supersonic boundary layer and its separation,reattachment and redevelopment are revealed by measuring the holistic structure of the transient flow field.Comparing the two time-averaged flow fields with each other,it is apparent that supersonic turbulent flow over a BFS(STF-BFS) has a larger expansion angle and a shorter recirculation region,and its redeveloped boundary layer increases at a smaller obliquity while the angle of reattachment shock is the same for the supersonic laminar flow over a BFS(SLF-BFS).With regard to time-evolution features,the K-H vortices in the SLF-BFS suffers from shearing,expansion,reattachment and three-dimensional effects while in the STF-BFS large-scale structures are affected by the incline and distortion at the reattachment point due to expansion,viscosity and reverse-pressure.Studies on local regions indicate that in the SLF-BFS,the emergence of compression waves which distinctly converge into a reattachment shock is due to the local convective Mach number and the inducement of K-H vortices in the free shear layer.Nevertheless,in the STF-BFS,compression waves and K-H vortices are barely evident,and the formation of a reattachment shock is related to the wall compressive effect.     

Density field measurement and approximate reconstruction of supersonic mixing layer

The density field measurement of supersonic mixing layer based on the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering method was studied. The calibration of experimental images was analyzed, and the relation between tracer particles concentration and local density of flowfield was calibrated with oblique shockwave experiment. According to the characteristic of mixing layer images, the influence of uneven light intensity distribution was calibrated. With these calibration methods, the density field of supersonic mixing layer with convective Mach number at 0.12 was measured. By analyzing the spanwise vortical structures and streamwise density field, the three dimensional (3D) density field was approximately reconstructed, which apparently reflected the 3D structure of supersonic mixing layer.     

Aero-optical aberration measuring method based on NPLS and its application

The existing methods for measuring aero-optical aberration suffer from several problems, such as low spatiotemporal resolution, sensitivity to environment, and integral effects. A new method for measuring aero-optical aberration of supersonic flow is proposed. Based on the self-developed measuring method of supersonic density field, the wavefront aberration induced by a cross-section of supersonic flow field could be measured by ray-tracing. Compared with other methods, the present one has three significant innovations: (1) high spatiotemporal resolution. Its time resolution is 6 ns, and the spatial resolution can reach up to micrometers; (2) it can avoid the integral effects and study the wavefront aberration induced by the flow field of interest locally; (3) it can also avoid the influence from the test section wall boundary layers and environmental disturbances. The present method was applied to supersonic flow around an optical bow cap. The results of high spatiotemporal resolution reveal fine wavefront structures, and show that shock waves, expansion waves and turbulent boundary layers have different impacts on the wavefront aberration.     

A study on solid density primary standard

The accuracy of solid density primary standard is decided mainly by the accuracy of the diameter measurement of silicon sphere. With traditional five-interferogram algorithm to unwrap phase for diameter measurement, the phase steps should be equal to π/2 exactly, but this is almost impossible to achieve in nanometer positioning technique. In order to overcome this defect, we have derived an improved five-interferogram algorithm, which not only keeps the high accuracy of traditional five-interferogram algorithm, but also does not require absolute equal step to unwrap phase. Instead, the improved five-interferogram algorithm only needs measuring phase shifting. Based on the improved algorithm, we have developed a novel interferometer with special etalon, and the cavity length of this etalon can be changed by pressure from vertical direction to realize phase shifting. The accuracy of this interferometer is better than 3 nm and can be improved in future research.