Adaptive subwavelength control of nano-optical fields

Adaptive shaping of the phase and amplitude of femtosecond laser pulses has been developed into an efficient tool for the directed manipulation of interference phenomena, thus providing coherent control over various quantum-mechanical systems. Temporal resolution in the femtosecond or even attosecond range has been demonstrated, but spatial resolution is limited by diffraction to approximately half the wavelength of the light field (that is, several hundred nanometres). Theory has indicated that the spatial limitation to coherent control can be overcome with the illumination of nanostructures: the spatial near-field distribution was shown to depend on the linear chirp of an irradiating laser pulse. An extension of this idea to adaptive control, combining multiparameter pulse shaping with a learning algorithm, demonstrated the generation of user-specified optical near-field distributions in an optimal and flexible fashion. Shaping of the polarization of the laser pulse provides a particularly efficient and versatile nano-optical manipulation method. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of this concept experimentally, by tailoring the optical near field in the vicinity of silver nanostructures through adaptive polarization shaping of femtosecond laser pulses and then probing the lateral field distribution by two-photon photoemission electron microscopy. In this combination of adaptive control and nano-optics, we achieve subwavelength dynamic localization of electromagnetic intensity on the nanometre scale and thus overcome the spatial restrictions of conventional optics. This experimental realization of theoretical suggestions opens a number of perspectives in coherent control, nano-optics, nonlinear spectroscopy, and other research fields in which optical investigations are carried out with spatial or temporal resolution.     

阻抗测量法及梁的阻抗应答分析

提出了利用压电陶瓷的阻抗测量法的概念,即用压电陶瓷作为驱动源产生动态阻抗信息.测试系统由阻抗分析仪、计算机、压电陶瓷片、铝梁组成.实验将铝梁作为测试对象,在其上粘贴压电陶瓷,通过对阻抗应答、振动模型和压电陶瓷片的粘贴位置的分析,研究梁的阻抗频率特性.实验结果表明,利用阻抗法,容易得到构造物的频率响应特性,应答分析也简单.     

附加应力沿深度变化的砂井地基固结分析

基于等应变固结的假设,考虑附加应力沿地基深度的变化以及涂抹效应和井阻的影响,导出砂井地基固结偏微分方程,求得孔隙水压力和平均固结度的解析解.在随时间变化的预压荷载作用下,对把初始孔隙水压力和附加应力简化为沿深度梯形分布的固结性状进行比较.结果表明,对于深厚砂井地基,附加应力和初始孔隙水压力分布对固结过程具有明显影响,若按均匀分布计算,所得的平均固结度偏小.     

满天星中的黄酮类化合物及其抗氧化活性

 对石竹科花卉植物满天星(Gypsophila elegans)进行化学成分研究,通过波谱技术鉴定化合物结构,得到6 个黄酮苷化合物,分别为2″-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖异荭草苷(1)、芹黄素-6-C--7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、芹黄素-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、肥皂草苷(4)、芹黄素-7-O-槐糖苷(5)、异牡荆素-2″-O-β-D -吡喃葡萄糖苷(6).除化合物4为首次从该植物中分离得到外,其它化合物均为首次从石竹科植物中分离得到.并采用DPPH自由基清除模型对分离得到的化合物进行了抗氧化活性筛选,化合物1显示出强抗氧化活性.     

多单相逆变器线与工作的Multisim仿真

线与的概念来源于数字逻辑电路系统,本文将其应用在逆变驱动系统中,即不借助于任何接口控制电路,将多个单相逆变器的输出端直接并联在一起,共同驱动同一个负载.该技术的关键在于:系统中每一个单相逆变器根据其自身的承载力按比例分担负载的相应分量,本文利用频率、基波电压以及谐波电压的衰减校正算法来完成的,最后用Multisim的仿...     

锥度量空间中两个集值映射的公共不动点定理

在度量空间中引入了一种新的广义压缩条件,利用这种条件,在不要求正规锥的前提下,得到了满足广义压缩条件的集值映射的公共不动点的存在性结果.这些结果推广了一些锥度量空间中关于两个集值映射的最常见的公共不动点定理.     

中医耳鼻喉科中文名词术语选词、定名与释义规范表述

中医耳鼻喉科中文名词术语规范与审定工作作为中医临床术语规范与审定工作中的一环,遵循中医临床术语规范与审定工作的普遍规律,同时又有着自身的特点。文章介绍了中医耳鼻喉科中文名词术语的选词、定名工作和注释的规范表述方法等,以期为中医临床各科术语规范与审定方法的探讨提供借鉴和参考。     

The ribosome uses two active mechanisms to unwind messenger RNA during translation

The ribosome translates the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA into protein. Folded structures in the coding region of an mRNA represent a kinetic barrier that lowers the peptide elongation rate, as the ribosome must disrupt structures it encounters in the mRNA at its entry site to allow translocation to the next codon. Such structures are exploited by the cell to create diverse strategies for translation regulation, such as programmed frameshifting, the modulation of protein expression levels, ribosome localization and co-translational protein folding. Although strand separation activity is inherent to the ribosome, requiring no exogenous helicases, its mechanism is still unknown. Here, using a single-molecule optical tweezers assay on mRNA hairpins, we find that the translation rate of identical codons at the decoding centre is greatly influenced by the GC content of folded structures at the mRNA entry site. Furthermore, force applied to the ends of the hairpin to favour its unfolding significantly speeds translation. Quantitative analysis of the force dependence of its helicase activity reveals that the ribosome, unlike previously studied helicases, uses two distinct active mechanisms to unwind mRNA structure: it destabilizes the helical junction at the mRNA entry site by biasing its thermal fluctuations towards the open state, increasing the probability of the ribosome translocating unhindered; and it mechanically pulls apart the mRNA single strands of the closed junction during the conformational changes that accompany ribosome translocation. The second of these mechanisms ensures a minimal basal rate of translation in the cell; specialized, mechanically stable structures are required to stall the ribosome temporarily. Our results establish a quantitative mechanical basis for understanding the mechanism of regulation of the elongation rate of translation by structured mRNAs.