在我国确立沉默权制度的若干思考

沉默权是现代法治国家刑事司法制度的一项重要内容，近年来，随着我国社会发展及与世界的逐步接轨，沉默权问题已经引起了法学界、司法实务界的乃至社会公众的广泛关注。本文通过对国外沉默权的司法实践及其利弊分析，提出在我国设置沉默权制度的若干构想。     

资源枯竭矿区土地复垦与生态重建技术

资源枯竭矿区面临生态恢复的艰巨任务.中国以煤炭为主的矿业城市主要集中于中西部,枯竭矿区以中东部为主.在资源枯竭矿区,不同的矿产类型、开采方式、自然条件及"采、选、冶"等不同的生产活动,形成了压占、挖损、塌陷、污染等土地损毁类型.鉴于土地复垦途径的不同,提出乡村生态农业、城郊湿地公园或郊野公园、矿山公园等生态恢复方案.结合国内外矿区土地复垦与生态重建经验,分析了耕地复垦的景观重建和施工技术,河流水系修复、水分循环小气候修复、矿井水综合利用等技术,积水区土体处理与造景、地表植被恢复与造景、道路系统改造与景观连通、采矿遗迹的保护与改造等湿地修复技术,沉陷积水净化、积水水面改造、动植物配置等水体修复技术,村落特色保护与规划、建筑物基础建造等村落恢复技术,山脊生态廊道修复、山体的自然生态植被恢复和重建等山体恢复技术,林地选择与布局、树种规划、煤矸石山等废弃地抗旱栽植等林地重建技术等.在科学规划、及时有效治理下,资源枯竭矿区生态环境可得到修复,并能够促进矿区持续发展.     

Differential use of an in-frame translation initiation codon regulates human mu opioid receptor (OPRM1)

The pharmacological effects of morphine and morphine-like drugs are mediated primarily through the μ opioid receptor. Here we show that differential use of an in-frame translational start codon in the 5′-untranslated region of the OPRM1 generates different translational products in vivo and in vitro. The 5′-end of the OPRM1 gene is necessary for initiating the alternate form and for subsequent degradation of the protein. Initiation of OPRM1 at the upstream site decreases the initiation at the main AUG site. However, alternative initiation of the long form of OPRM1 produces a protein with a short half-life, resulting from degradation mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Reporter and degradation assays showed that mutations of this long form at the second and third lysines reduce ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation, stabilizing the protein. The data suggest that MOP expression is controlled in part by initiation of the long form of MOP at the alternate site.     

Effect of iron supply on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and implications for glacial atmospheric CO2

Photosynthesis by marine phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean, and the associated uptake of carbon, is thought to be currently limited by the availability of iron. One implication of this limitation is that a larger iron supply to the region in glacial times could have stimulated algal photosynthesis, leading to lower concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Similarly, it has been proposed that artificial iron fertilization of the oceans might increase future carbon sequestration. Here we report data from a whole-ecosystem test of the iron-limitation hypothesis in the Southern Ocean, which show that surface uptake of atmospheric CO2 and uptake ratios of silica to carbon by phytoplankton were strongly influenced by nanomolar increases of iron concentration. We use these results to inform a model of global carbon and ocean nutrients, forced with atmospheric iron fluxes to the region derived from the Vostok ice-core dust record. During glacial periods, predicted magnitudes and timings of atmospheric CO2 changes match ice-core records well. At glacial terminations, the model suggests that forcing of Southern Ocean biota by iron caused the initial approximately 40 p.p.m. of glacial-interglacial CO2 change, but other mechanisms must have accounted for the remaining 40 p.p.m. increase. The experiment also confirms that modest sequestration of atmospheric CO2 by artificial additions of iron to the Southern Ocean is in principle possible, although the period and geographical extent over which sequestration would be effective remain poorly known.     

论宪法对"人权"保障的意义和作用

中国首次将“国家尊重和保障人权”写进宪法,为我国民主宪政建设和政治体制改革奠定了坚实基础。建立法,治会的前提是公民社会的形成和政府的依法行政,只有当“人权”原则提升为宪法精神时,公民的民主政治权利才会得到真正的保护,我国的政治明才会进步。     

序列模式挖掘导引

从大量的序列数据中发现有用的模式是数据挖掘的一项重要任务,本文简单介绍了序列模式挖掘主要算法的基本框架,对算法涉及的概念给出形式化的定义。     

Positional cloning of zebrafish ferroportin1 identifies a conserved vertebrate iron exporter

Defects in iron absorption and utilization lead to iron deficiency and overload disorders. Adult mammals absorb iron through the duodenum, whereas embryos obtain iron through placental transport. Iron uptake from the intestinal lumen through the apical surface of polarized duodenal enterocytes is mediated by the divalent metal transporter, DMTi. A second transporter has been postulated to export iron across the basolateral surface to the circulation. Here we have used positional cloning to identify the gene responsible for the hypochromic anaemia of the zebrafish mutant weissherbst. The gene, ferroportin1, encodes a multiple-transmembrane domain protein, expressed in the yolk sac, that is a candidate for the elusive iron exporter. Zebrafish ferroportin1 is required for the transport of iron from maternally derived yolk stores to the circulation and functions as an iron exporter when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Human Ferroportin1 is found at the basal surface of placental syncytiotrophoblasts, suggesting that it also transports iron from mother to embryo. Mammalian Ferroportin1 is expressed at the basolateral surface of duodenal enterocytes and could export cellular iron into the circulation. We propose that Ferroportin1 function may be perturbed in mammalian disorders of iron deficiency or overload.