压裂直井压后返排油嘴直径优选方法

随着非常规能源的开发,压裂技术得到了更广泛的应用。压后强制返排技术是保证裂缝高导流能力的有效措施;然而,选取合理的油嘴直径进行返排一直是现场施工的难题。油嘴直径过大,会造成支撑剂大量回流;油嘴直径过小,压裂液向储层大量滤失,对储层造成伤害,不利于油气增产。利用物质平衡原理,在支撑剂回流启动模型的基础上,结合裂缝的闭合特性,导出了压裂液返排过程中井口压力与最优返排油嘴直径的关系式,为现场施工提供指导。分析表明,裂缝闭合时机是油嘴选取的临界状态,裂缝闭合前,支撑剂在裂缝中启动流速低,不宜用大油嘴返排;裂缝闭合后,最优返排油嘴随压降变化敏感,可以及时更换大油嘴进行返排。     

强磁场下Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu/Cu界面金属间化合物生长行为

研究了3T和8T强磁场作用下Sn-3Ag-0．5Cu／Cu焊接接头界面金属问化合物在170℃时效过程中的生长行为．结果表明：强磁场作用下界面金属问化合物层的厚度随着时效时间的延长而增加,且呈抛物线规律;随着磁场强度的增大,Sn-3Ag-0．5Cu／Cu界面金属闸化合物的生长速度加快．分析认为强磁场的存在加快了原子的运动,提高了原子的扩散系数,从而加快了界面金属间化合物层的生长速度．     

Bubble Content in Air/Hydro System——Part 1 :Measurement of Bubble Content

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｉｒ/ｈｙｄｒｏｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｅｒｓｙｓｔｅｍｓａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ,ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｓｏｍｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ.Ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｓｂｕｂｂｌｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ.ＴｈｅｂｕｂｂｌｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｉｓｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｉｎＲｅｆ.[1].Ｔｈｅａｉｍｏｆｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｓｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｂｕｂｂｌｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ.Ｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｉｎｓｉｇｈｔ…     

4种沙棘雄配子体发育的研究

４种沙棘雄配子体的形成过程较一致,减数分裂中染色体发生了不同程度的变异,具有两种类型的绒毡层,这种现象很可能与种间的演化顺序有关。温度是影响沙棘雄配子体发育进程的重要因素。     

Cr6Ni11Mn13MoTi奥氏体钢焊条的研究

研制了一种Ｃｒ６Ｎｉ１１Ｍｎ１３ＭｏＴｉ奥氏体钢焊条用于高温服役（４５０～６５０℃）的Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ钢构件的异种金属焊接。结果表明：其异质接头具有良好力学性能和抗氧化性能,可以克服以往的异质接头服役过程中因碳迁移而导致的提前失效问题。     

磺化聚芳醚酮酮催化合成乙酸丁酯

以交联的聚芳醚酮酮和φ=20%的发烟硫酸合成了磺化聚芳醚酮酮树脂,并用于乙酸丁酯的催化合成。最佳条件：酸醇摩尔比为1：1.6,催化剂用量（质量分数,ω）为4.35%,反应温度115-120℃,反应时间为4h,酯化率达87.5%,催化剂易回收且可重复使用。     

Progress and records in the study of endogenetic mineralization during collisional orogenesis

To develop and perfect the theory of plate tectonics and regional metallogeny, metallogenesis during collisional orogenesis should be thoroughly studied and will attract increasing attention of more and more scientists. This paper presents the main aspects of research and discussions on metallogenesis during collisional orogenesis after the development of plate tectonics, and accordingly divides the study history into two stages, i.e. the junior stage during 1971–1990 and the senior stage after 1990. Beginning with the negation of mineralization in the collision regime by Guild (1971), the focus of study was put on whether there occurred any mineralization during collisional orogenesis at the junior stage. At the senior stage, which is initiated by the advance of metallogenic and petrogenic model for collisional orogenesis, scientists begin to pay their attention to the geodynamic mechanism of metallogenesis, spatial and temporal distribution of ore deposits, ore-forming fluidization, relationship between petrogenesis and mineralization in collisional orogenesis, etc. Abundance of typical collisional orogens such as Himalayan, China has best natural conditions to study collisional metallogenesis. Great progress in the study of metallogenesis during collisional orogenesis has been made by Chinese geologists. Therefore, we hope that the’ Chinese geologists and Chinese governments at various levels to pay more attention to the study of collisional metallogenesis. Some urgent problems are suggested to be solved so as to bring about breakthroughs in the aspects concerned.     

一种远程的大流量网络流特征分析预处理模型

由于运营过程中的网络流特征分析往往不具备本地分析的条件,远程网络流特征分析成为现代网优工作的重要基础之一。显然,远程网络流特征分析势必增加网络开销,而大流量又是当前网络应用的普遍特征,如何实现网络流特征数据高效的远程采集是必须解决的关键问题之一。为此,提出了数据报文特征字段提取和组装的预处理模型,并设计了远程网络流特征量采集算法TPE,系列实验结果表明较好地解决了该问题,实现了高效的远程网络流特征提取与集中式分析。     

Heat-shock protein 60 translocates to the surface of apoptotic cells and differentiated megakaryocytes and stimulates phagocytosis

Heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a highly conserved stress protein which has chaperone functions in prokaryotes and mammalian cells. Hsp60 is associated with the mitochondria and the plasma membrane through phosphorylation by protein kinase A, and is incorporated into lipid membranes as a protein-folding chaperone. Its diverse intracellular chaperone functions include the secretion of proteins where it maintains the conformation of precursors and facilitates their translocation through the plasma membrane. We report here that Hsp60 is concentrated in apoptotic membrane blebs and translocates to the surface of cells undergoing apoptosis. Hsp60 is also enriched in platelets derived from terminally differentiated megakaryocytes and expressed at the surface of senescent platelets. Furthermore, the exposure of monocytic U937 cells to Hsp60 enhanced their phagocytic activity. Our results suggests that externalized Hsp60 in apoptotic cells and senescent platelets influences events subsequent to apoptosis, such as the clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes.