Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere

Transient luminous events in the atmosphere, such as lighting-induced sprites and upwardly discharging blue jets, were discovered recently in the region between thunderclouds and the ionosphere. In the conventional picture, the main components of Earth's global electric circuit include thunderstorms, the conducting ionosphere, the downward fair-weather currents and the conducting Earth. Thunderstorms serve as one of the generators that drive current upward from cloud tops to the ionosphere, where the electric potential is hundreds of kilovolts higher than Earth's surface. It has not been clear, however, whether all the important components of the global circuit have even been identified. Here we report observations of five gigantic jets that establish a direct link between a thundercloud (altitude approximately 16 km) and the ionosphere at 90 km elevation. Extremely-low-frequency radio waves in four events were detected, while no cloud-to-ground lightning was observed to trigger these events. Our result indicates that the extremely-low-frequency waves were generated by negative cloud-to-ionosphere discharges, which would reduce the electrical potential between ionosphere and ground. Therefore, the conventional picture of the global electric circuit needs to be modified to include the contributions of gigantic jets and possibly sprites.     

加强大学生网络道德教育的认识与思考

随着人类进入信息社会，网络以其独特的方式影响着社会的各个领域。大学生作为一个特殊群体，网络给他们带来了诸多影响。重视与加强网络时代大学生网络道德教育是当前高校德育与思想政治工作的一项重要任务。文章分析了加强大学生网络道德教育的必要性，并提出加强大学生网络道德教育的途径。     

福州发展乡村旅游的思考

近年来,乡村旅游以其特有的风格与魅力吸引了大批城市游客,成为旅游业中新的亮点,乡村旅游开发也继农业产业化之后成为农村经济发展新的增长点。如今,福州的乡村旅游得到了较快的发展,而在迅速发展的同时,也存在一些不足之处。本文从乡村旅游的概念入手,在分析福州发展乡村旅游的有利条件、现状及存在的问题的基础上,提出发展福州乡村旅游的建议。     

The equilibrium between diagenetic calcites and dolomites and its impact on reservoir quality in the sandstone reservoir of Kela 2 gas field

Based on the equilibrium theory of chemical reactions between water and rocks,this paper establishes a thermodynamic phase relationship diagram among calcites,dolomites and water solution under the condition of diagenesis based on the thermodynamic database of related minerals and fluids and dolomite's degree of order parameters.It has been discovered that the equilibrium between calcites and dolomites in the diagenetic environment is strongly impacted by temperature and the Ca/Mg ratios in groundwater,and that the dolomite's degree of order in the diagenetic environment is a function of crystallization temperature and time,not controlled by water solution.Hereby,the authors make a further analysis of the close relationship of chemical reaction between carbonate cements and pore water in the sandstone reservoirs of Kala 2 gas field in Kuche sag.It can be seen that there are different impacts on sandstone reservoir quality among the equilibrium system of calcites,dolomites and pore water at different depths of reservoirs.     

马尾松愈伤组织诱导条件的研究

采用马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)成熟合子胚为起始材料,经过0.1%升汞溶液7~9min消毒后,接种于WPM培养基上,在温度26℃,光照强度2 000~3 000 lx,光照时间16 h/d的条件下培养得到无菌苗.采用无菌苗的各器官作为外植体在光照条件下进行愈伤组织的诱导条件的研究,结果显示,以幼茎为外植体,在含GD 6-BA 4.0 mg.L-1 NAA 0.10 mg.L-1 0.3%~0.4%活性碳(CA) 500 mg.L-1水解酪蛋白的培养基上,愈伤组织诱导率可达到93%.     

变速地貌单位线

本文提出了一种较为有效地考虑流域汇流非线性的方法——变速地貌单位线V~2GUH,对其特殊情况h_p=θV和i_p=K/V进行了理论证明,其动力因子流速意义得到了初步验证,坡地汇流在V~2GUH中得到了客观地考虑,应用结果证明V~2GUH方法的精度较高,同时,对本法在无资料和设计流域的应用问题进行了研究。     

凸多面体的干扰算法

检测物体之间的干扰问题,对许多工业设计来说是个重要课题,应用计算机图形学方法,快速而有效,一改过去手工作图慢而差的状态,本文着重阐述凸多面体的边面关系算法,并在此基础上,提出一种点面关系的算法。     

北疆复种油葵品种特性的初步研究

通过对 5个油葵品种特性不同侧面的量化分析 ,筛选并确定SF1 87和EX399,因其产量高 ,生育期短 ,含油量高 ,株型紧凑 ,便于机械收获 ,可作为北疆地区理想的复播油葵品种     

一次加碱法制备聚合氯化铝的特性

研究了在实验室条件下利用一次加碱法制备聚合氯化铝的过程中,总铝浓度及碱化度对聚合氯化铝中铝聚合形态组成的影响,结果表明随碱化度的提高,低浓PAC中Alc含量变化较小,而高浓PAC中Alc含量呈显著上升趋势;同时,低浓PAC中Alc的含量呈较明显增加,而高浓PAC中Alb含量则呈缓慢下降趋势;无论高浓还是低浓PAC,其Ala的含量均呈较显著的下降趋势.     

支盘桩的作用机理及其应用前景

本文开始介绍了支盘桩的形成背景及其结构，分析其成桩机理、受力与破坏机理，叙述了其一些优点和应用前景，得出了有关使用支盘桩优势及其在工程中应用的必要性，并经实际勘探资料证明了所得结论的正确性。