In situ backscattered electron imaging study of the effect of annealing on the deformation behaviors of Ni electroformed from additive-free and saccharin-containing sulfamate solutions

The Ni samples were electroformed from additive-free(AF) and saccharin-containing(SC) sulfamate solutions, respectively. In situ backscattered electron(BSE) imaging, electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD), and electron-probe microanalysis(EPMA) were used to investigate the effect of annealing on the deformation behaviors of the AF and SC samples. The results indicate that columnar grains of the as-deposited AF sample had an approximated average width of 3 μm and an approximated aspect ratio of 8. The average width of columnar grains of the as-deposited SC sample was reduced to approximately 400 nm by the addition of saccharin to the electrolyte. A few very-large grains distributed in the matrix of the SC sample after annealing. No direct evidence indicated that S segregated at the grain boundaries before or after annealing. The average value of the total elongations of the SC samples decreased from 16% to 6% after annealing, whereas that of the AF samples increased from 18% to 50%. The dislocation recovery in grain-boundary areas of the annealed AF sample was reduced, which contributed to the appearance of microvoids at the triple junctions. The incompatibility deformation between very-large grains and fine grains contributed to the brittle fracture behavior of the annealed SC Ni.     

Facile synthesis of flake-like dihydrate zinc oxalate particles

Monodispersed dihydrated zinc oxalate(ZnC_2O_4·2H_2O) particles with characteristic morphology were synthesized by aging a mixed solution of zinc nitrate(Zn(NO_3)_2) and sodium oxalate(Na_2C_2O_4) in the presence of a citrate ligand, with an average flat size of approximately 10–15 μm. The important parameters, including the solution pH values and the concentration of the zinc ions and citrate ligand, were investigated using a series of experiments. It is verified that the citrate ligand significantly affects the morphology of zinc oxalate particles, probably via its multiple roles of chelating, dispersing, and selective absorption. Thermodynamic equilibrium of the distribution of zinc species in an aqueous solution of Zn(Ⅱ)-citrate-oxalate-H_2O was estimated to explain the experimental results and to clarify the size and morphological evolution mechanism of the precipitated particles.     

Mechanical and corrosion properties of low-carbon steel prepared by friction stir processing

Low-carbon steel plates were successfully subjected to normal friction stir processing(NFSP) in air and submerged friction stir processing(SFSP) under water, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the NFSP and SFSP samples were investigated. Phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization resulted in fine-grained ferrite and martensite in the processed zone. The SFSP samples had smaller ferrites(5.1 μm), finer martensite laths(557 nm), and more uniform distribution of martensite compared to the NFSP samples. Compared to the base material(BM), the microhardness of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 19.8% and 27.1%, respectively because of the combined strengthening effects of grain refinement, phase transformation, and dislocation. The ultimate tensile strengths(UTSs) of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 27.1% and 38.7%, respectively. Grain refinement and martensite transformation also improved the electrochemical corrosion properties of the low-carbon steel. Overall, the SFSP samples had better mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion resistance than the NFSP samples.     

基于云理论的斜拉索可靠性评价方法

为准确评估易损难修的斜拉索的可靠性,保证行车安全舒适,提出一种基于云理论的斜拉索可靠性评估方法.首先根据拉索力学特点和常见病害,以斜拉索的运营状态应力极值、恒载索力变幅、应力幅、基频、服役时间、PE护套开裂程度及阻尼系统完好程度为指标,建立了斜拉索可靠性评估指标体系.咨询专家意见建立权重云模型,并根据泛概念树的概念扩充原理实现权重的群决策.最后将指标对各等级的平均确定度与权重云模型加权汇总,得到可靠等级确定度的云模型并以此确定最终评级.规范评估结果与拉索实际病害情况对比验证了所提方法结果的合理性和可操作性.     

数控机床故障分析与可靠性评价技术的研究

针对传统数控机床可靠性建模时只考虑故障间隔时间而忽略故障性质的现象,提出兼顾机械故障和电气故障的混合威布尔分布模型,进而提高模型准确度.利用最大似然法来确定混合威布尔分布模型参数,用皮尔逊相关系数来确定数控机床各故障时间之间的关系.并通过K-S方法对模型进行检验, 最后确定其符合混合威布尔分布,并运用可靠性评定方法得出数控机床的平均无故障时间.     

基于RFID阵列的无轨AGV系统的研究与设计

为改进有轨自动导航小车(AGV)的不足,研究一种基于RFID阵列的无轨AGV系统。该系统包括RFID阵列地板、无线通信网络、上位机、运行场地地图、小车运行控制系统;AGV安装若干RFID读卡器,运行在RFID阵列地板上,运行时通过读取地板下RFID电子标签的ID号,并通过无线通信网络发送到上位机;上位机构建和存储RFID阵列地板地图,上机位将接收到的ID号与存储的地图进行对照,计算出小车当前的位置的运行姿态,依据预设的运行路径生成AGV当前的控制指令并通过无线网络发送小车,控制小车的运行。系统通过利用RFID与地图实现定位,上位机生成控制指令的方式,实现AGV无轨运行。验证测试结果表明,AGV在预设运行路径上行驶,平均定位精度5cm,实用性好,稳定性高。     

R-Gorenstein内射模的忠实平坦余基变换

探究了R-Gorenstein内射模的忠实平坦余基变换.设R是交换环,S是忠实平坦R-代数,在一些额外的条件下,证明了R-模N是R-Gorenstein内射模,当且仅当N是强余挠R-模且Hom R(S,N)是R′-Gorenstein内射 S-模.     

改进的非参数 Ce ns us 变换立体匹配算法

针对多数立体匹配算法的相似性测度都建立在像素灰度特性基础上, 无法彻底消除匹配差异性, 易出现歧异性的问题, 提出一种改进的非参数Census变换匹配算法. 该算法通过在传统非参数Census匹配过程中增加局部纹理反差值测度, 引入图像纹理度量的方向性, 使中心像素灰度值不再是唯一决定因素, 改进了匹配模版, 从而有效解决了传统匹配算法的歧异性问题. 实验结果表明, 改进算法是一种有效、 合理的立体匹配方法, 提高了稠密匹配精度.     

基于Malmquist指数的高校科研效率的实证分析

针对高校科研效率成为高校科研管理中的核心问题,并为高校科研发展的规划提供科学依据,提出了高校科研的动态效率测度的方法。该方法是Malmquist指数与数据包络分析的结合,获得对高校科研效率的动态测度,评价各高校的生产力水平在两期之间的变化情况,并通过Malmquist指数分解能获得高校科研的经济效率和技术效率,找出生产力变化的原因,为效率改进指明了方向。通过应用实例以说明该方法的有效性和适用性。