移动传感网中基于定向角度路由的数据收集

在Sink和节点不断移动的多跳无线传感器网络中,节点和Sink的位置不断变化.如果节点采用传统的广播方式发送数据,节点发送的数据在到达移动Sink之前,很有可能被大量的节点不断转发.这样不仅容易导致数据冗余过大,而且容易造成节点的能量消耗过快从而缩短网络生命周期.为了最大化网络生命周期,提出一种节能的算法ROAR来解决这个问题.首先,节点执行类似于选取簇头的收集器选择算法,能量高的节点以高概率决定是否成为收集器.然后,节点将数据发送给有效区域内的邻居节点.所谓的有效区域是指过节点作连接节点和Sink的直线的垂线,以垂线为边界,与移动Sink同侧的区域.最后,收集器采用折半角度传输的方式将数据发送给移动Sink.仿真实验结果表明,与目前已有的算法相比,算法ROAR能够有效地缩短收集一轮数据所需的时间、减少能量开销、延长网络生命周期.     

探月工程三期月地高速再入返回飞行器防热系统设计与验证

本文针对月地高速再入返回的高焓、二次大气层再入、高热流密度峰值与长加热时间耦合的气动加热环境特点,提出了飞行器防热系统设计方案,研制了七种新型碳硅复合烧蚀防热材料,建立了防热系统分析模型,并完成了地面试验验证.经对飞行试验数据的详细分析,结果表明防热系统的实际性能与设计预期一致.     

月地高速再入返回飞行器信息系统设计与实现

探月三期月地高速再入返回飞行器由服务舱和返回器2个舱段组成,信息系统复杂,首先对信息系统的任务进行了分析,在此基础上提出了2层拓扑总线的互联方案、器内多子网自识别路由设计方案、链路层分层方案,脉冲调制编码(PCM)数据体制与高级在轨系统(AOS)数据体制统一设计方案,实现了多信源、多舱段信息管理与融合,提高了上行带宽利用率、器内数据路由和下行遥测灵活性和易扩展性,满足了飞行任务复杂工作模式下的需求,在轨飞行结果表明信息系统满足需求.     

Microautophagy: lesser-known self-eating

Microautophagy, the non-selective lysosomal degradative process, involves direct engulfment of cytoplasmic cargo at a boundary membrane by autophagic tubes, which mediate both invagination and vesicle scission into the lumen. With its constitutive characteristics, microautophagy of soluble substrates can be induced by nitrogen starvation or rapamycin via regulatory signaling complex pathways. The maintenance of organellar size, membrane homeostasis, and cell survival under nitrogen restriction are the main functions of microautophagy. In addition, microautophagy is coordinated with and complements macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and other self-eating pathways. Three forms of selective microautophagy, including micropexophagy, piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus, and micromitophagy, share common ground with microautophagy to some degree. As the accumulation of experimental data, the precise mechanisms that govern microautophagy are becoming more appreciated. Here, we review the microautophagic molecular machinery, its physiological functions, and relevance to human diseases, especially in diseases involving multivesicular bodies and multivesicular lysosomes.     

Estimating the proportion of variation in susceptibility to schizophrenia captured by common SNPs

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Using 9,087 affected individuals, 12,171 controls and 915,354 imputed SNPs from the Schizophrenia Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Consortium (PGC-SCZ), we estimate that 23% (s.e. = 1%) of variation in liability to schizophrenia is captured by SNPs. We show that a substantial proportion of this variation must be the result of common causal variants, that the variance explained by each chromosome is linearly related to its length (r = 0.89, P = 2.6 × 10(-8)), that the genetic basis of schizophrenia is the same in males and females, and that a disproportionate proportion of variation is attributable to a set of 2,725 genes expressed in the central nervous system (CNS; P = 7.6 × 10(-8)). These results are consistent with a polygenic genetic architecture and imply more individual SNP associations will be detected for this disease as sample size increases.     

Conditional and joint multiple-SNP analysis of GWAS summary statistics identifies additional variants influencing complex traits

We present an approximate conditional and joint association analysis that can use summary-level statistics from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and estimated linkage disequilibrium (LD) from a reference sample with individual-level genotype data. Using this method, we analyzed meta-analysis summary data from the GIANT Consortium for height and body mass index (BMI), with the LD structure estimated from genotype data in two independent cohorts. We identified 36 loci with multiple associated variants for height (38 leading and 49 additional SNPs, 87 in total) via a genome-wide SNP selection procedure. The 49 new SNPs explain approximately 1.3% of variance, nearly doubling the heritability explained at the 36 loci. We did not find any locus showing multiple associated SNPs for BMI. The method we present is computationally fast and is also applicable to case-control data, which we demonstrate in an example from meta-analysis of type 2 diabetes by the DIAGRAM Consortium.     

基于NVH性能的排气系统悬挂点位置设计

基于平均驱动自由度位移（ADDOFD）理论,同时考虑车身侧与排气系统侧的NVH性能,以及各阶模态频率的不同权值的影响,对某车型排气系统吊点位置进行优化布置,并对布置吊点后的排气系统做声学稳健性分析。实际应用表明该设计方法能对汽车排气系统悬挂点选择提供可行性参考建议,在整车开发的初期,有效预测和控制车身结构的NVH性能。     

C5210铜合金带材组织与性能的研究

通过金相、力学性能测试等手段研究了C5210铜合金带材的组织与性能.结果表明:结晶角小于15°,水平连铸速度控制在10.8 m/h左右,带坯晶粒度均匀,结晶线不发生明显偏移,长时间的均匀化退火,消除枝晶偏析,有利于冷轧开坯;C5210铜合金在650 ℃下保温9 h,合金元素分布相对均匀,粗轧冷轧加工率可达80%以上;合金在560 ℃下保温6 h,再结晶退火后,合金晶粒度为0.04 mm,消除了加工硬化,此时合金的平均抗拉强度为411.9 MPa,平均伸长率为60.9%,平均维氏硬度为94.7.     

浮区法制备金红石单晶及其光谱特性

采用锐钛矿型二氧化钛为原料, 通过浮区法制备金红石型二氧化钛单晶. 通过X射线衍射（XRD）和拉曼散射（Raman）测试, 对单晶体的结构进行表征, 表明晶体为典型的金红石相. 在Raman光谱中可观测B_1g(143 cm^-1),E_g(446 cm^-1),A_1g(605 cm^-1)和B_2g(826 cm^-1)4个Raman活性模, 并观测到可能属于2级Raman散射峰, 如273,316,327,519,700 cm^-1.     

偏最小二乘法用于近红外漫反射光谱测定异福片

应用近红外漫反射光谱结合偏最小二乘法(NIR PLS)对异福片中利福平和异烟肼的含量进行定量分析, 所建立的定量分析模型对校正集样品中利福平和异烟肼的含量预测回归系数分别为0.992　77,0.989　01,交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)分别 为0.006　65,0.004　23.对预测集样品利福平、 异烟肼的含量预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.005　73,0.003　79;加样平均回收率分别为99.376%和98.243%;重现性实验相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.679　3%和0.639　8%.结果表明, 该方法预测精度高, 且具有方便快捷、 非破坏、 无污染、 可在线检测、 重现性好等优点, 可作为异福片原位质量检测和在线质量监控的方法予 以推广.