土工织物加筋土坡变形和破坏过程的离心模型试验

为了评价土工织物加筋土坡的稳定性,研究了土工织物对土坡变形和破坏过程的影响。在清华大学离心机上进行了自重加载条件下离心模型试验。采用离心场图像采集和非接触位移测量系统,测量了加载过程中土坡的位移场及其发展变化过程,对比了素土坡与土工织物加筋土坡的破坏模式和变形发展过程。试验结果表明:土工织物明显改变了土坡的破坏形态,滑裂面位置明显前移;土工织物的约束作用使得土体的变形趋向均匀,增强了土体的整体稳定性。     

基于代理模型的汽车乘员约束系统性能优化

针对汽车碰撞乘员约束系统优化设计中多参数和非线性问题,提出了基于径向基函数代理模型的优化设计方法,通过LS-DYNA分析软件建立正面碰撞乘员约束系统的仿真模型并对其进行验证.基于该模型选取对响应影响较大的设计变量作为优化变量,在LS-OPT中选择径向基函数构建代理模型,采用空间填充试验方法进行试验设计,运用自适应模拟退火算法进行优化求解.优化结果表明:人体综合损伤WIC值相比初始设计值降低了28.2%,实现了对设计目标的优化.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''''s probability

R Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure, either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R tree (PBAR tree).     

高分子土壤改良剂对种籽萌芽之影响研究

以高分子材料为土壤改良剂可使土壤团粒化，增加水份人渗效率，减少土壤冲蚀，为研究环境问题之重要课题。但此类土壤改良剂可能抑制植物种籽萌芽，为使用此种材料的一大问题。以压克力与聚乙烯醇对Bahia种籽做一系列萌芽实验探讨。实验结果发现，压克力对种籽萌芽率与萌芽势能有严重之抑制作用。但适量之聚乙烯醇添加可克服此问题。     

Cellular and molecular action of the putative GABA-mimetic,gabapentin

Gabapentin was originally designed as an anti-convulsant gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mimetic capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. In the present review we show that although gabapentin is not a GABA mimetic, it has great utility as an add-on therapy for epilepsy and as a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain. We summarise the studies that have been performed which demonstrate that gabapentin appears to interact with a novel binding site expressed at high density within the central nervous system (CNS), namely the alpha2delta voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit. The review continues by examining the effects of gabapentin on calcium channel function and neurotransmitter release before, in the latter part of the review, summarising the more recently discovered actions of gabapentin in relation to intracellular signalling.     

An electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer

Double-slit electron interferometers fabricated in high mobility two-dimensional electron gases are powerful tools for studying coherent wave-like phenomena in mesoscopic systems. However, they suffer from low visibility of the interference patterns due to the many channels present in each slit, and from poor sensitivity to small currents due to their open geometry. Moreover, these interferometers do not function in high magnetic fields--such as those required to enter the quantum Hall effect regime--as the field destroys the symmetry between left and right slits. Here we report the fabrication and operation of a single-channel, two-path electron interferometer that functions in a high magnetic field. This device is the first electronic analogue of the optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and opens the way to measuring interference of quasiparticles with fractional charges. On the basis of measurements of single edge state and closed geometry transport in the quantum Hall effect regime, we find that the interferometer is highly sensitive and exhibits very high visibility (62%). However, the interference pattern decays precipitously with increasing electron temperature or energy. Although the origin of this dephasing is unclear, we show, via shot-noise measurements, that it is not a decoherence process that results from inelastic scattering events.     

Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan

In diverse organisms, calorie restriction slows the pace of ageing and increases maximum lifespan. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, calorie restriction extends lifespan by increasing the activity of Sir2 (ref. 1), a member of the conserved sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases. Included in this family are SIR-2.1, a Caenorhabditis elegans enzyme that regulates lifespan, and SIRT1, a human deacetylase that promotes cell survival by negatively regulating the p53 tumour suppressor. Here we report the discovery of three classes of small molecules that activate sirtuins. We show that the potent activator resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine, lowers the Michaelis constant of SIRT1 for both the acetylated substrate and NAD(+), and increases cell survival by stimulating SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of p53. In yeast, resveratrol mimics calorie restriction by stimulating Sir2, increasing DNA stability and extending lifespan by 70%. We discuss possible evolutionary origins of this phenomenon and suggest new lines of research into the therapeutic use of sirtuin activators.     

Origin of two differentiation trends in the Emeishan flood basalts

Both the Bowen and Fenner differentiation trends have been recognized in the Emeishan flood basalts.While the Longzhoushan laveas in Panxi paleorift evolved on a trend of silica enrichment (Bowen trend),the lavas from Guizhou evoled along the Fenner trend leading to the magmas with high Fe2O3 (23%) and low SiO2(44%) contents,This provides evidence for the existence of Fe-rich and Si-poor magmas in nature ,Such contrasting differentiation trends,marked by different timing of crystallization of Fe-Ti oxides,are correlated with the extent of crustal contamination of the magmas ,Linited crustal contamination in the Guizhou lavas is coupled with the low oxygen fugacity which delayed the onset of magnetite crystallization .In contrast,significant involvement of crustal components in the Long-Zhoushan lavas increased fo2 which in turn triggered early crystallization of magnetite.The close spatial association between the Longzhoushan lavs and the synchronous V-Fe-Ti deposit-bearing layered intrusions suggests a potential relationship between them.     

鸭嘴阀扩散器卷吸特性研究

对同向流动环境中的水平DBV射流的掺混特性进行了一系列试验研究,对不同试验组次下的时均速度分量、射流边界、射流动量、紊动强度、雷诺应力和射流卷吸参量做了研究.研究结果表明：按时均中心线流速衰减规律,可将流动划分为3个区域,每个区域有其自身特定的指数衰减率;当x/D＞1.5,除主轴平面内的紊动应力以外,时均速度,紊动强度,雷诺应力出现自相似;轴变换发生在x/D＝1～1.5附近;平均稀释度和无量纲的沿程距离之间存在线性关系,相比于具有相同名义直径的同向流动环境中的圆射流,在相同排放流量条件下,DBV射流具有更好的稀释效果.     

《奉使图》与《东游集》及郑玙等问题的考辨

《奉使图》是从《东游集》而来的。《东游集》中的诗都是阿克敦从前三次出使朝鲜的诗稿中选出来的,本来只是供蒋衡书法,但后来它的影响进一步扩大,于是阿克敦在第四次出使朝鲜时充分准备了作画的素材,并于雍正三年请当时在京城很活跃的海宁画家郑玙作了20幅画。