水溶液二次锂空气电池充电过程中氢离子还原研究

利用循环伏安法测试了H+离子和Li+离子在多层电解质膜保护金属锂电极上的还原过程,证实了溶液中的H+离子会发生还原反应,同时研究了碱溶液及锂离子浓度等条件抑制氢离子的还原及其效果.     

运营商与SP合作创新机制的演化仿真分析

基于 CAS理论,运用多主体建模的方法研究了我国电信运营商与SP增值业务合作中的创新机制(包括激励机制、资源共享机制)的有效性问题.分析了运营商和SP企业等两类主体各自的属性特征并设计了合作模型,并在Repast仿真平台上对不同机制下SP创新行为的演化进行了仿真.仿真结果显示,以用户需求为导向的资源共享机制比激励机制更有效地促进SP成员创新.     

润湿性对水在微管和岩芯中流动特性的影响

实验研究了去离子水在内径为14.9, 5.03, 2.05 μm的亲水和憎水微圆管中的流动特性. 结果表明, 去离子水在14.9 μm微管中的流动特性与经典Hagen-Poiseuille(H-P)方程相符; 但随着管径的减小, 去离子水在亲水和憎水微管中的流动特性均偏离经典理论, 其偏离程度受管壁润湿性的显著影响, 并随着雷诺数的减小而增加. 同时, 流体在岩芯中的渗流是其在无数微米量级孔喉中流动的宏观表现, 润湿性对孔喉中微尺度流动的影响将导致岩芯渗流特性的变化. 因此, 研究了盐水在不同润湿性岩芯中的流动, 发现润湿性对岩芯渗流和微尺度流动的影响规律相似.     

滇藏地区8种鹅膏菌的ITS序列分析

 对滇藏地区8种鹅膏菌的核糖体DNA(rDNA)内转录间隔区(ITS)进行PCR扩增和测序,用ClustalX(version 1.81)软件对所测的ITS序列进行比对分析.结果表明,除5.8S rDNA(其长度为160 bp)比较保守外,8个不同种的ITS序列在长度和碱基位点上都存在较大差异,其中ITS1区间的片段长度为206～297 bp,ITS2区间的片段长度为191～238 bp.这说明鹅膏属的种间具有较高的遗传多样性.利用MEGA(version 3.1)软件进行聚类,8个鹅膏菌在D=0.14处分成3组,与传统分类有出入.这为鹅膏菌的进一步分类及研究提供了分子依据.     

基于D_S证据理论的Web事务识别方法

基于D_S证据理论,提出一种新的Web事务识别方法,融合多个特征对Web事务进行综合评判,并选取计算代价较小的特征及高效的融合规则,保证算法性能的高效. 实验结果表明,该方法与其他事务识别方法相比,具有更高的事务识别率.     

变形反射面天线馈源最佳相位中心的研究

针对变形反射面天线馈源相位中心选取的问题,提出了寻找天线馈源最佳相位中心的优化模型. 该模型基于变形反射面天线馈源相位中心与远场方向图的函数关系式,可得到天线反射面存在任意表面误差时的馈源最佳相位中心,使得天线的增益损失最小. 将该模型应用于某8m反射面天线的工程计算中. 在仅考虑天线自身重力荷载的情况下,确定了天线不同仰角时的馈源最佳相位中心. 数值模拟结果表明,该优化模型所确定的增益损失小于最佳吻合抛物面时的增益损失.     

生物专业师范生职前培训中微格教学的应用研究

阐述了微格教学的含义、原理、特征、产生背景及其在生物学教学中的地位;并分别从训练前准备、试讲实践、观摩反馈、重新教学等四个环节探讨了微格教学在生物专业职前师范生培训中的应用.在领会第八次课程改革精神和结合生物学科具体特点的基础上,强调在微格训练中要:讲究训练方式的统一性与多样性的合理运用;讲究训练内容的一致性与灵活性的有机整合;讲究单一能力训练和综合能力训练的优化组合;讲究训练效果整体性与个体性的协调发展.通过微格教学实践与理论训练的有机结合,以期更快更有效地提高生物专业师范生的从教技能和生物学素养.     

Methane emissions from terrestrial plants over China and their effects on methane concentrations in lower troposphere

Methane (CH₄) is the most important greenhouse gas and reactive trace gas in the atmosphere. Recently, it has been reported that terrestrial plants can emit CH₄ under aerobic conditions, which may call for reevaluation of the inventory of CH₄ emissions in China. In this paper, those emissions over China and their effects on CH₄ concentrations in lower troposphere were investigated. Firstly, based on the work of Keppler et al., the aerobic plant CH₄ emission model (PLANTCH4) for China was established. And by using the database of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from NOAA/AVHRR, the distribution of net primary productivity (NPP) over China was simulated, and thereby, for the first time, the amount and distribution of the newly identified source in China were estimated. Secondly, with the aid of the three-dimensional atmospheric chemistry model system (MM5-CALGRID), the effects of the emissions were studied. The results show that the annual aerobic plant CH4 emissions over China amount to 11.83 Tg, i.e. nearly 24% of Chinese total CH₄ emissions. And the major fraction (about 43%) comes from forests. When those emissions are considered in modeling, computed countrywide mean surface concentration of CH₄ is 29.9% higher than without them, with a maximum increase of 69.61 μg·m⁻³ in the south of Yunnan Province. In conclusion, to study CH₄ emissions from terrestrial plants over China may have important implications for correctly estimating the contribution of China to global CH₄ budget, and may call for a reconsideration of the role of CH₄ in global and regional environment and climate change. Supported by National High-Tech Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA06A307), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB403706 and 2006CB403703), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, and Nanjing University Talent Development Foundation     

ENSO ensemble prediction: Initial error perturbations vs. model error perturbations

Based on our developed ENSO （El Nino-Southern Oscillation） ensemble prediction system （EPS）, the impacts of stochastic initial-error and model-error perturbations on ENSO ensemble predictions are examined and discussed by performing four sets of 14-a retrospective forecast experiments in both a deterministic and probabilistic sense, These forecast schemes are differentiated by whether they con- sidered the initial or model stochastic perturbations, The comparison results suggest that the sto- chastic model-error perturbations, which are added into the modeled physical fields to mainly represent the uncertainties of the physical model, have significant, positive impacts on improving the ensemble prediction skills during the entire 12-month forecast process, However, the stochastic initial-error perturbations have relatively small impacts on the ensemble prediction system, and its impacts are mainly focusing on the first 3-month predictions.     

农村聚落选址影响因素分析

农村聚落选址影响因素研究既是对农村聚落地理学研究内容的有益补充,也是科学确定农村聚落选址,保障居民生活和生产安全及促进社会经济持续、快速、健康发展的前提,是我国新农村建设规划的基础.文章对国内外有关农村聚落分布的影响因素进行综述,遴选出影响农村聚落选址的主要因素,并进行较为系统分析,在此基础上探讨了农村聚落选址影响因素的自然因素主导-地质构造和生态安全基础上的社会经济因素主导-自然和社会经济因素并重的动态演变过程,同时探讨了农村聚落选址综合性和主导性取向.