Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

A genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies new susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis

To identify susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study in Han Chinese. In the discovery stage, we analyzed 1,356,350 autosomal SNPs in 1,837 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis and 4,231 controls; in the validation stage, we analyzed 30 suggestive SNPs in an additional 2,100 affected individuals and 3,496 controls. We identified two new susceptibility loci between EDIL3 and HAPLN1 at 5q14.3 (rs4552569; P = 8.77 × 10(-10)) and within ANO6 at 12q12 (rs17095830; P = 1.63 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed previously reported associations in Europeans within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (top SNP, rs13202464; P < 5 × 10(-324)) and at 2p15 (rs10865331; P = 1.98 × 10(-8)). We show that rs13202464 within the MHC region mainly represents the risk effect of HLA-B*27 variants (including HLA-B*2704, HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2715) in Chinese. The two newly discovered loci implicate genes related to bone formation and cartilage development, suggesting their potential involvement in the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis.     

CCDC103 mutations cause primary ciliary dyskinesia by disrupting assembly of ciliary dynein arms

Cilia are essential for fertilization, respiratory clearance, cerebrospinal fluid circulation and establishing laterality. Cilia motility defects cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, MIM244400), a disorder affecting 1:15,000-30,000 births. Cilia motility requires the assembly of multisubunit dynein arms that drive ciliary bending. Despite progress in understanding the genetic basis of PCD, mutations remain to be identified for several PCD-linked loci. Here we show that the zebrafish cilia paralysis mutant schmalhans (smh(tn222)) encodes the coiled-coil domain containing 103 protein (Ccdc103), a foxj1a-regulated gene product. Screening 146 unrelated PCD families identified individuals in six families with reduced outer dynein arms who carried mutations in CCDC103. Dynein arm assembly in smh mutant zebrafish was rescued by wild-type but not mutant human CCDC103. Chlamydomonas Ccdc103/Pr46b functions as a tightly bound, axoneme-associated protein. These results identify Ccdc103 as a dynein arm attachment factor that causes primary ciliary dyskinesia when mutated.     

基于CBERS CCD数据的鹿洼煤矿塌陷区LUCC检测

本文基于多时相中巴地球资源卫星CBERS CCD数据,以鹿洼煤矿塌陷区为例,利用混合像元分解技术开展土地利用/覆盖变化LUCC检测.分别选取研究区域的2002年、2006年和2010年3个时相的CBERSCCD图像作为遥感数据源,将粒子群优化算法引入到端元提取中,基于线性光谱混合模型提取鹿洼煤矿塌陷区水体、建筑用地、农田和土壤4类地物信息,并对结果进行统计分析.LUCC检测结果表明,2002年至2010年间,鹿洼煤矿塌陷地面积逐年增加,造成大面积农田积水,导致无法进行作物耕种.最后,结合当地政府采取的塌陷地治理措施分析了土地利用变化情况.     

设施拥堵状态下的层次性备用覆盖网络模型与改进遗传算法

经典的分层覆盖位置问题(HCLP)是在有限预算内找到设施位置以提供分层服务的问题.这个过程中,需求点的差异化服务需求可以来自层次型网络中不同服务可用性的设施.我们设计了混合服务可用性的层次型网络,通过讨论层次型设施数量为定量和变量的情况构建混合层次网络备用覆盖问题的整数规划模型,并设计、改进元启发式算法来求解问题.结果表明考虑变量的混合服务可用性的优化模型在一次覆盖中能更好的满足客户的需求,而其备用覆盖能力和系统造价并非始终优于单类型层次网络;建议的启发式算法在合理的计算时间内产生高质量的解.     

Melatonin and mitochondrial function during ischemia/reperfusion injury

Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury occurs in many organs and tissues, and contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Melatonin, an endogenously produced indolamine, provides a strong defense against IR injury. Mitochondrion, an organelle for ATP production and a decider for cell fate, has been validated to be a crucial target for melatonin to exert its protection against IR injury. In this review, we first clarify the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction during IR and melatonin’s protection of mitochondria under this condition. Thereafter, special focus is placed on the protective actions of melatonin against IR injury in brain, heart, liver, and others. Finally, we explore several potential future directions of research in this area. Collectively, the information compiled here will serve as a comprehensive reference for the actions of melatonin in IR injury identified to date and will hopefully aid in the design of future research and increase the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.     

长江上游铜锣峡河段卵砾石推移质输沙规律研究

西部山区河段具有水面比降大、河床推移质粒径粗、糙率较大等特点,因此西部山区河段的水沙特性与平原河流差异明显,采用现有的推移质输沙公式来预测山区河段的泥沙输移情况存在较大误差。针对这一现象,基于爱因斯坦均匀沙无量纲输沙公式,考虑到推移质周围床沙对其遮蔽影响,以V/Uc=1为推移质起动临界状态建立了输沙率计算公式,最后以长江上游铜锣峡河段为研究对象,根据近二十年实测的水沙数据,将新计算式与多个经典公式进行精度比较,从计算结果来看,在预测大比降卵砾石山区河流时,新建立的计算式计算精度更高,能更好的反映其输沙规律。     

基于聚邻苯二胺和纳米金电位型免疫传感器的研究

利用电聚合和电沉积技术将邻苯二胺和纳米金固定在石墨电极上,通过白组装的方法使抗体（羊抗小鼠IgG）与石墨电极表面上的纳米金结合,制备了一种免疫传感器（Ab／GNPs／POPD／GE）,并对实验条件进行了优化。该传感器能够对抗原（小鼠IgG）进行定量检测,具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、检测范围宽等优良性能。其检测范围为4．0×10^-～1．0×10^-3ng／mL,检测下限为1．0×10^-3ng／mL．而且该免疫传感器具有较高的选择性和较好的稳定性,寿命可达15d左右。     

ML-TEA:一套基于机器学习和技术分析的量化投资算法

量化投资尝试利用计算机算法来预测证券的价格和进行证券的交易,并从中获取超额收益,是系统工程在金融投资领域的重要应用.本文设计了一套基于机器学习和技术指标的量化投资算法ML-TEA(machine learning and technical analysis).该模型以技术指标作为输入变量,再分别通过不同的机器学习算法来预测股票数日之后的涨跌方向,并根据预测的方向来构建投资组合.实证结果显示:第一,三种模型的年化收益率都在25%以上,远超大盘指数的10.60%、买入持有策略的3%以及现有策略.从风险调节绩效(夏普比率、特雷纳比率和詹森绩效)来看,三种策略也都远超基准策略和现有策略.以夏普比率为例,三种策略均在1.50以上,而市场指数的夏普比率为0.38.第二,Ada-TEA和SVM-TEA都可以容忍远高于市场实际成本的交易成本.     

基于园林卓越人才培养的观赏植物组织培养课程实践改革

以园林专业卓越人才培养为目标,提出教学过程以应用与创新为导向,更新教学内容体系,探索引入项目式教学形式,调整考核方法.改革后的课程体系侧重学生实践动手能力与创新能力的培养,学生的学习主动性显著提高,在学生中反馈效果好,教学效果显著.