柴达木盆地东部"走廊域"中新生代构造特征及构造演化

通过横穿柴达木盆地东部的“走廊域”剖面地表地质、航磁、重力、大地电磁测深和地震资料的综合分析，认为在东昆仑构造带与南祁连构造带之间，包括巴颜喀拉地块北缘，柴达木地块和祁连地块南缘等3个一级构造单元，柴达木地块内则包括了昆中构造带、昆北构造带和柴达木盆地3个二级构造单元。受东昆仑构造带和南祁连构造带相向挤压作用，柴达木盆地东部持续沉降，但由于具有稳定的花岗质基底，盆地坳陷幅度较小，且断裂及褶皱构造不发育。由此造就了柴达木盆地东部中新生代地层厚度小，烃源岩不发育，构造圈闭缺乏，除第四系天然气外，中生界、古近系和新近系油气资源前景受到极大限制。     

甘氨酸在电沉积铁铬合金中的作用

研究不同浓度甘氨酸对电沉积铁铬合金过程的影响,分析了甘氨酸在电沉积过程中的作用.加入甘氨酸后,可得到优良的镀层,而不含甘氨酸时,镀层中夹杂铬的化合物,造成镀层质量低劣.甘氨酸浓度为0.4～0.8 mol·L-1时,镀层中铬含量较稳定.甘氨酸的加入使得阴极极化增加,电位负移.在此镀液中,甘氨酸与Fe(Ⅱ)络合,使其析出电位负移,达到铁铬共沉积的目的.     

网络安全风险动态分析方法

研究一种网络安全风险动态分析方法,该方法能够基于攻击者行为模式构建攻击引导模板、发现攻击过程、计算网络安全风险.提出了网络安全风险动态分析框架,给出了攻击过程发现、服务权重和节点权重计算、漏洞固有威胁度、漏洞可利用性的变化规则及网络安全风险值计算等方法与技术.实验结果表明:该方法能较为客观地计算安全风险,描述网络面临的威胁,为网络防御者提供较为全面的信息.     

矿粉粒度及反应温度对高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁的影响

为探索利用高磷鲕状赤铁矿作为炼钢原料的新途径,在CH4-H2气氛下对高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁进行了实验研究,探讨了矿粉粒度对还原和碳化的影响。采用热重法、SEM-EDS和XRD分别对实验中试样还原失重过程、高磷鲕状赤铁矿矿相和碳化产物进行了分析。实验得到120~160目粒度矿粉的反应活化能最低,还原反应活化能为44.95kJ/mol,碳化阶段表观活化能为9.71kJ/mol。从反应速率的角度,利用高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁的最佳温度为1 023K,矿粉的最佳粒度为120~160目,总体来讲,温度比矿粉粒度对高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁反应速率的影响大。     

Mediation of mouse natural cytotoxic activity by tumour necrosis factor

Natural cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in the mouse has been associated with two types of effector cells, the natural killer (NK) cell and the natural cytotoxic (NC) cell, which seem to differ with regard to their patterns of target selectivity, cell surface characteristics and susceptibility to regulatory factors. During studies on the mechanism of action of cytotoxic molecules, it became evident that WEHI-164, the prototype NC target cell, was highly susceptible to direct lysis by both human and mouse recombinant tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Here we show that NC, but not NK activity mediated by normal splenocytes, is abrogated by rabbit antibodies to recombinant and natural TNF, respectively. Thus, the cell-mediated activity defined as NC is due to release of TNF by normal spleen cells and does not represent a unique natural effector mechanism.     

Escape from adaptive conflict after duplication in an anthocyanin pathway gene

Gene duplications have been recognized as an important source of evolutionary innovation and adaptation since at least Haldane, and their varying fates may partly explain the vast disparity in observed genome sizes. The expected fates of most gene duplications involve primarily non-adaptive substitutions leading to either non-functionalization of one duplicate copy or subfunctionalization, neither of which yields novel function. A significant evolutionary problem is thus elucidating the mechanisms of adaptive evolutionary change leading to evolutionary novelty. Currently, the most widely recognized adaptive process involving gene duplication is neo-functionalization (NEO-F), in which one copy undergoes directional selection to perform a novel function after duplication. An alternative, but understudied, adaptive fate that has been proposed is escape from adaptive conflict (EAC), in which a single-copy gene is selected to perform a novel function while maintaining its ancestral function. This gene is constrained from improving either novel or ancestral function because of detrimental pleiotropic effects on the other function. After duplication, one copy is free to improve novel function, whereas the other is selected to improve ancestral function. Here we first present two criteria that can be used to distinguish NEO-F from EAC. Using both tests for positive selection and assays of enzyme function, we then demonstrate that adaptive evolutionary change in a duplicated gene of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in morning glories (Ipomoea) is best interpreted as EAC. Finally, we argue that this phenomenon likely occurs more often than has been previously believed and may thus represent an important mechanism in generating evolutionary novelty.     

整流后倒U型管内气液两相流动的稳定性及流型分布

在倒U型管垂直段的两端内分别放置一个整流环，来消除入口弯头对垂直段流动的影响，通过对单相流体在倒U型管内的流动进行数值计算，以及对整流作用下倒U型管内气液流动的稳定性和流型的分布进行实验研究，发现整流环的整流作用可以增强管道内流动的稳定性，实验还发现，倒U型管垂直上升段内的间歇性流动（弹状流和块状流）区域减小，环状流区域增大，流动的稳定性增强。     

具有中间穿透裂纹载流薄板裂纹前缘的应力场

用复变函数方法研究了带有中间穿透裂纹的载流薄板在瞬间电流通入时，在裂纹尖端处由于电流集中及电磁热效应而形成的点热源的计算方法，进而推导并计算了由此热源在裂纹前缘产生的温度场和应力场。通过控制通入电流密度，可以使裂纹尖端温升达到熔化状态，至使裂尖钝化，由温升产生的压应力可以遏制裂纹的扩展。在文中讨论了裂尖附近材料的热传导系数、线胀系数、弹性模量随温度的变化，及其对应力场的影响。     

基于改进引力搜索算法的励磁控制PID参数优化

在引力搜索算法（GSA）基础上,结合PSO算法中粒子的运动特点,提出了改进引力搜索算法（IGSA）,并将其应用到励磁控制系统PID参数优化．IGSA嵌入了引力搜索和粒子群搜索,使其在保留引力搜索特点的前提下增加了信息共享及记忆能力,进一步提高了搜索能力．定义了同时考虑ITAE指标和超调量指标的加权目标函数,提出了基于混沌引力搜索的参数优化策略．将IGSA与传统群体优化算法进行了充分对比试验,验证了提出的励磁控制系统PID参数优化方法的有效性．     

MM4模式和陕西春季降水模拟试验

介绍了有限区域的中尺度数值模拟ＭＭ４的结构,物理过程等,用ＭＭ４模式对陕西省春季透雨和暴雨过程进行模拟试验,证明了ＭＭ４模式在陕西春季大降水预报中的可用性。