Vaccine protection against acquisition of neutralization-resistant SIV challenges in rhesus monkeys

Preclinical studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine candidates have typically shown post-infection virological control, but protection against acquisition of infection has previously only been reported against neutralization-sensitive virus challenges. Here we demonstrate vaccine protection against acquisition of fully heterologous, neutralization-resistant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenges in rhesus monkeys. Adenovirus/poxvirus and adenovirus/adenovirus-vector-based vaccines expressing SIV(SME543) Gag, Pol and Env antigens resulted in an 80% or greater reduction in the per-exposure probability of infection against repetitive, intrarectal SIV(MAC251) challenges in rhesus monkeys. Protection against acquisition of infection showed distinct immunological correlates compared with post-infection virological control and required the inclusion of Env in the vaccine regimen. These data demonstrate the proof-of-concept that optimized HIV-1 vaccine candidates can block acquisition of stringent, heterologous, neutralization-resistant virus challenges in rhesus monkeys.     

Development of a Measurement System Far-IR Using a MCT Sensor

The far-infrared radiation （Far-IR） has good effects on us, promoting the circulation of the blood and metabolic. So textile products including far-IR have been developed. But it is very difficult to measure the amount of far-IR in the textile quicHy and correctly. Newly developed Mercury Cadmium Telluride （MCT） sensor system could solve this problem.     

纳米层状硅酸盐在轮胎气密层中的应用研究

聚合物纳米复合材料因其分散相的高度精细化和纳米尺寸效应而具有与传统复合材料明显不同的力学性能和功能性能。其中,层状硅酸盐聚合物纳米复合材料又以分散相的高形状系数比而具有更为突出或特异的性能,如高刚性、高强度、高阻隔、高阻燃性等。因此聚合物纳米复合材料自问世以来便受到各国学者和工业界广泛关注。在轮胎气密层橡胶中,可以充分利用纳米层状硅酸盐材料的高阻隔性,从而起到提高气密性的作用。更进一步的应用研究表明,可以通过使用纳米层状硅酸盐填充橡胶作为气密层,在不损失气密性的情况下,减少气密层厚度,从而降低轮胎重量,实现原价节俭和滚动阻力降低的双重效果。     

The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12

Human chromosome 12 contains more than 1,400 coding genes and 487 loci that have been directly implicated in human disease. The q arm of chromosome 12 contains one of the largest blocks of linkage disequilibrium found in the human genome. Here we present the finished sequence of human chromosome 12, which has been finished to high quality and spans approximately 132 megabases, representing approximately 4.5% of the human genome. Alignment of the human chromosome 12 sequence across vertebrates reveals the origin of individual segments in chicken, and a unique history of rearrangement through rodent and primate lineages. The rate of base substitutions in recent evolutionary history shows an overall slowing in hominids compared with primates and rodents.     

Complex social behaviour derived from maternal reproductive traits

A fundamental goal of sociobiology is to explain how complex social behaviour evolves, especially in social insects, the exemplars of social living. Although still the subject of much controversy, recent theoretical explanations have focused on the evolutionary origins of worker behaviour (assistance from daughters that remain in the nest and help their mother to reproduce) through expression of maternal care behaviour towards siblings. A key prediction of this evolutionary model is that traits involved in maternal care have been co-opted through heterochronous expression of maternal genes to result in sib-care, the hallmark of highly evolved social life in insects. A coupling of maternal behaviour to reproductive status evolved in solitary insects, and was a ready substrate for the evolution of worker-containing societies. Here we show that division of foraging labour among worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) is linked to the reproductive status of facultatively sterile females. We thereby identify the evolutionary origin of a widely expressed social-insect behavioural syndrome, and provide a direct demonstration of how variation in maternal reproductive traits gives rise to complex social behaviour in non-reproductive helpers.     

A nuclear-receptor-dependent phosphatidylcholine pathway with antidiabetic effects

Nuclear hormone receptors regulate diverse metabolic pathways and the orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1 (also known as NR5A2) regulates bile acid biosynthesis. Structural studies have identified phospholipids as potential LRH-1 ligands, but their functional relevance is unclear. Here we show that an unusual phosphatidylcholine species with two saturated 12 carbon fatty acid acyl side chains (dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC)) is an LRH-1 agonist ligand in vitro. DLPC treatment induces bile acid biosynthetic enzymes in mouse liver, increases bile acid levels, and lowers hepatic triglycerides and serum glucose. DLPC treatment also decreases hepatic steatosis and improves glucose homeostasis in two mouse models of insulin resistance. Both the antidiabetic and lipotropic effects are lost in liver-specific Lrh-1 knockouts. These findings identify an LRH-1 dependent phosphatidylcholine signalling pathway that regulates bile acid metabolism and glucose homeostasis.     

消费者TV家庭冲动购物的激励因素

以TV家庭购物和冲动购买为研究基础，分析冲动购物的激励因素，通过检验设定的问题来确定其影响力。分析有一次以上TV家庭购物的303名消费者的调查资料，得出：（1）分析产品激励因素对专卖商品和流行商品的影响，结果表明，激励冲动购物只对流行商品有影响。（2）在促销激励因素中，提供赠品的激励和扩大信用卡打折期限的激励对冲动购物都有一定影响，后者影响更大。（3）价格激励因素中，大幅度降低商品价值的激励比合理的价值激励对冲动购物影响更大。（4）情境激励因素特性表明，引导销售激励比限量销售激励影响更大。（5）消费者TV家庭购物视听关联特性表明，看TV时间长比与有伴看电视对消费者冲动购物影响更大。     

中国甘肃一例前足迹主导的翼龙足迹组合:对行为学的影响（英文）

翼龙是已知的、最早飞上天际的脊椎动物,目前已经发现了成千上万件化石,代表着这一大家族从晚三叠世到晚白垩世在全球范围内的蓬勃发展史.自2004年甘肃盐锅峡地区首次报道翼龙足迹以来,中国陆续发现了一批翼龙足迹化石,绝大多数的足迹点都保存了翼龙的前后足迹.2013年,我们在盐锅峡地区发现了至少20个翼龙前足迹的凸型足迹,而没有发现任何后足迹,这些足迹可归于一个单独翼龙遗迹属——Pteraichnus.这是中国第一次发现由前足迹主导的翼龙足迹组合,这可能反映了翼龙前后足迹在同等保存条件下的不同深度.更重要的是,盐锅峡的这批翼龙足迹与当地发现的大量虫迹相关,一些足迹甚至就保存在虫迹面上,这些虫迹包括Cochlichnus,Spongeliomorpha和Paleophycus,因此推断这批翼龙造迹者很可能以这些无脊椎动物造迹者为食.     

Unified deep learning model for El Nino/Southern Oscillation forecasts by incorporating seasonality in climate data

Although deep learning has achieved a milestone in forecasting the El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),the current models are insufficient to simulate diverse ch...     

Order Relation for Type-2 Fuzzy Values

In this paper an order relation and a ranking method for type-2 fuzzy values are proposed. In order to compare type-2 fuzzy sets, the concepts of satisfaction function for continuous fuzzy values, h-level type-2 fuzzy values and strong order relation are introduced. The proposed method is an approach based on the possibility theory, and it generates a ranking sequence with the greatest possibility. Some properties of the proposed method are also analyzed.