Weighing of biomolecules, single cells and single nanoparticles in fluid

Nanomechanical resonators enable the measurement of mass with extraordinary sensitivity. Previously, samples as light as 7 zeptograms (1 zg = 10(-21) g) have been weighed in vacuum, and proton-level resolution seems to be within reach. Resolving small mass changes requires the resonator to be light and to ring at a very pure tone-that is, with a high quality factor. In solution, viscosity severely degrades both of these characteristics, thus preventing many applications in nanotechnology and the life sciences where fluid is required. Although the resonant structure can be designed to minimize viscous loss, resolution is still substantially degraded when compared to measurements made in air or vacuum. An entirely different approach eliminates viscous damping by placing the solution inside a hollow resonator that is surrounded by vacuum. Here we demonstrate that suspended microchannel resonators can weigh single nanoparticles, single bacterial cells and sub-monolayers of adsorbed proteins in water with sub-femtogram resolution (1 Hz bandwidth). Central to these results is our observation that viscous loss due to the fluid is negligible compared to the intrinsic damping of our silicon crystal resonator. The combination of the low resonator mass (100 ng) and high quality factor (15,000) enables an improvement in mass resolution of six orders of magnitude over a high-end commercial quartz crystal microbalance. This gives access to intriguing applications, such as mass-based flow cytometry, the direct detection of pathogens, or the non-optical sizing and mass density measurement of colloidal particles.     

刚度控制机器人的机构稳定性设计

刚度控制机器人需要提高与任意环境接触或交互的稳定性,使机构末端可在较小位移下实现较大输出力。从机构参数模型出发,以任意环境下可稳定达到的最大控制刚度来衡量机构的稳定性或稳定范围,并考虑各向同性,研究机器人参数设计理论与方法。以一种2自由度机构设计为例,首先建立动力学模型并分析其耦合特性;然后对各解耦运动链的等效单自由度模型作稳定性分析,给出机构最大稳定控制刚度的定量表示;最后对两组具体参数进行校核和对比分析。结果说明:电机输出轴径、传动比和关节杆长等参数对机构稳定性影响较大,可通过调整这些参数来改善机构刚度控制的性能。     

简单概念图与扩展描述逻辑ALC 的关系探讨

首先介绍了描述逻辑ALC ,描述逻辑ALC 是在ALC的基础上增加了传递关系、反关系、关系并、关系复合、个体实例集和一般数量约束构造器对其进行了扩展,并给出了ALC 的语法和语义,概念图被制作是继承语义网络和框架系统特点的知识表示方式,而简单概念图是概念图中可判定的部分,然后探讨了描述逻辑ALC 与简单概念图的关系.     

基于FPGA的激光双焦点互相关测速系统

采用常规的机械接触式测量方法,不能满足移动物体表面的特殊状态要求.基于FPGA的激光双焦点互相关测速系统,融合了信号采集与处理、高速逻辑器件FPGA和互相关技术,在各种运动物体的非接触测速上具有高速、高精度的特点,可应用于非接触式固体表面的测量.     

地震勘探仪器的RS-485高速数据/能量传输

为实现地震勘探仪器采集的大容量数据的高速远距离长线传输,比较数据传输方式,提出了RS-485总线的高速串行数据传输方法,应用FPGA技术,研制了数据传输系统。分析RS-485数据传输的影响因素,设计了系统总体结构及传输协议。基于以太网供电原理,采用RS-485总线供电方式,实现48V直流能量与数据沿同一线对的叠加传输。利用串行信号的跳变沿作为高速时钟采样的起始标志,结合8B/10B的链路编码方案,实现位同步时钟恢复与数据帧提取,且检测时钟频率10倍于发送时钟频率。数传实验结果表明,系统可实现串行编码数据流以20Mb/s沿220m双绞线电缆的远距离数据传输,误码率可达10-11。     

基于联合信息熵和粗糙集理论的关联知识发现

研究了基于联合熵和粗糙集理论的关联规则挖掘算法,改进了基于粗糙集的属性离散化方法—连续属性联合熵差离散化算法;以联合信息熵作为属性约简的标准,提出了基于联合熵的知识约简算法;并给出了以支持度、兴趣度和准确度为阈值的有效关联规则算法.