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991.
Bleaching of rhodopsin markedly desensitizes the vertebrate visual system during a subsequent period of dark adaptation. Previous studies have indicated an origin of bleaching desensitization in the visual pigment itself, but have not identified the mechanism of action. A candidate for the site at which densensitization is initially expressed is the activation of transducin (formation of T*) on the rod disk membranes; this reaction directly involves rhodopsin in its photoactivated (R*) form and mediates initial amplification of the visual signal (reviewed in refs 7-9). We have analysed the effect of bleaching on the sensitivity of a flash-induced light-scattering signal known to monitor the disk-based amplifier, and which has been established as specifically monitoring transducin activation. We have recorded this signal from functioning retinal rods in situ ('ATR' signal) and find that bleaches inducing a pronounced, sustained loss in rod electrophysiological sensitivity do not alter the sensitivity of the ATR response after correction for reduced quantum catch. Our results indicate that the biochemical gain of the R*----T* transduction stage remains unchanged in the presence of bleached pigment and implicate a subsequent reaction as the first to show a sustained, bleaching-dependent gain reduction. 相似文献
992.
Localization of muscle gene products in nuclear domains 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
The localization of gene products is central to the development of cell polarity and pattern specification during embryogenesis. To monitor the distribution of gene products encoded by different nuclei in the same cell in tissue culture, we fused cells of different species to form multinucleated non-dividing heterokaryons. In previous fusion studies, cell-surface antigens and organelles contributed by disparate cell types intermixed within minutes. Using heterokaryons produced with differentiated muscle cells, we demonstrate here that a muscle membrane component, the Golgi apparatus mediating its transport, and a sarcomeric myosin heavy chain are localized in the vicinity of the nuclei responsible for their synthesis. These results provide direct evidence that products (organelle, membrane and structural proteins) derived from individual nuclei can remain localized in myotubes, a finding with implications both for neuromuscular synapse formation and for the carrier state of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 相似文献
993.
DNA mutagenesis and recombination 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The polymerase chain reaction is used for site-specific mutagenesis and for DNA recombination without any enzymatic reaction in vitro, apart from DNA amplification. 相似文献
994.
Among mycobacteria, Mycobacterium leprae is unique in its ability to oxidize a variety of diphenols to quinones in vitro. What physiologic role o-diphenoloxidase has in the organism remained unknown. Reducing substrates like NADPH, NADH and ascorbic acid reacted with the quinone formed from dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine); the substrates were oxidized and the quinone was reduced back to diphenol in the process. Since the quinone undergoes reversible oxidation-reduction, diphenoloxidase might serve as an alternative respiratory mechanism in M. leprae for the utilization of other substrates, as has been reported in plants. 相似文献
995.
Inverse relationship of the durations of adjacent open and shut intervals for C1 and K channels 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ion channels in cell membranes, whether voltage-dependent or activated by ligands, make repeated transitions among open and shut states during activity. Information about the number of states and the transitional pathways between them can be obtained from the durations of open and shut intervals, as transitions to states of different lifetimes result in intervals of different mean durations. If there is only one open conformation, or state, then the durations of open intervals would be independent of the durations of adjacent shut intervals. On the other hand, if a channel has two or more open states with different mean lifetimes, and if each open state is entered directly from a different shut state with a different mean lifetime, then the open intervals should be related to the adjacent shut intervals. We now report that the durations of adjacent open and shut intervals for both a C1 channel and a large conductance Ca-activated K channel in skeletal muscle are inversely related; shorter open intervals are adjacent to longer shut intervals. These findings indicate that two or more shut states make direct transitions to two or more open states, and suggest that the lifetimes of adjacent open and shut states are inversely related. 相似文献
996.
997.
Colcemid effects on homologue pairing and crossing over during fetal mouse oogenesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. Jagiello W. K. Sung J. -S. Fang M. B. Ducayen 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1989,45(5):482-484
Summary Colcemid was administered to gestational day 13 female mice to test effects on homologue pairing, synapsis and recombination of fetal oogenesis. Pairing abnormalities were detected in pachytene oocytes by light and electron microscopy examination of bivalents and synaptonemal complexes. Reduction of total chiasmata per treated diplotene oocyte (22.74) compared to controls (31.07) was found. 相似文献
998.
N K Gupta 《上海交通大学学报》2004,38(Z2)
Axial compression experiments on as received aluminum tubes and tubes with wall thickness eccentricity incorporated by off centre machining showed that the eccentricity caused transition of their collapse mode from axisymmetric to diamond. The numerical simulation of the collapse phenomenon was undertaken using a static non-linear Finite Element Analysis in ANSYS, and results are found to compare well with the experimental load compression and energy absorption responses for axisymmetric concertina and non-axisymmetric diamond modes. Having validated the numerical model with experiments, it has been used to undertake a systematic study of the load - compression characteristics and collapse mode transitions of the tubes with varying eccentricities in wall thickness and boundary conditions, as well as the material properties. 相似文献
999.
Genetically obese male Zucker rats (fa/fa) and their lean littermates (Fa/-) were used in this experiment. Fourteen-week-old obese and lean littermates were sacrificed and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes were assayed in specific brain regions. The assays of these enzymes indicate that obese animals had a significantly lower ChAT activity in the cerebellum, pons, and cerebral cortex and a significant increase in ChAT activity in the thalamus and hypothalamus. Meanwhile, the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, thalamus and hypothalamus of the obese animals showed significantly higher AChE activity than their lean littermates. It was concluded from this study that obesity may be associated with changes in the enzymes of the brain cholinergic system. 相似文献
1000.
This article introduces a new model to capture simultaneously the mean and variance asymmetries in time series. Threshold non‐linearity is incorporated into the mean and variance specifications of a stochastic volatility model. Bayesian methods are adopted for parameter estimation. Forecasts of volatility and Value‐at‐Risk can also be obtained by sampling from suitable predictive distributions. Simulations demonstrate that the apparent variance asymmetry documented in the literature can be due to the neglect of mean asymmetry. Strong evidence of the mean and variance asymmetries was detected in US and Hong Kong data. Asymmetry in the variance persistence was also discovered in the Hong Kong stock market. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献