Möglicher Einfluß chemischer Gleichgewichte auf Viskosität und Relaxationszeit im Erdinnern

Summary A thermodynamic consideration shows that SiO₂ may be reduced to Si by hydrogen at the temperatures present in the earth's interior. The reaction can be expected to involve a rapid change of viscosity with depth inside the earth, required for the explanation of the seismic discontinuity at 2,900 km.     

Rossby waves on the Sun as revealed by solar 'hills'

It is a long-standing puzzle that the Sun's photosphere--its visible surface--rotates differentially, with the equatorial regions rotating faster than the poles. It has been suggested that waves analogous to terrestrial Rossby waves, and known as r-mode oscillations, could explain the Sun's differential rotation: Rossby waves are seen in the oceans as large-scale (hundreds of kilometres) variations of sea-surface height (5-cm-high waves), which propagate slowly either east or west (they could take tens of years to cross the Pacific Ocean). Calculations show that the solar r-mode oscillations have properties that should be strongly constrained by differential rotation. Here we report the detection of 100-m-high 'hills' in the photosphere, spaced uniformly over the Sun's surface with a spacing of (8.7 +/- 0.6) x 10(4) km. If convection under the photosphere is organized by the r-modes, the observed corrugated photosphere is a probable surface manifestation of these solar oscillations.     

Autoradiographic evidence for binding of3H-flunitrazepam (Rohypnol®) to melanin granules in the cat eye

Summary This autoradiographic study revealed after an i.v. injection an accumulation of³H-flunitrazepam in melanin granules of the pigment epithelium and of the choroid cells. It seems that after a short period, a large proportion of the strongly bound drug is released.Acknowledgments. I thank Dr E. Kovács and Mrs V. Beuck for help in treating the animals and Miss C. Böhler and Mr R. Krauer for excellent technical assistance.This drug, with a radiochemical purity of 99.2%, was prepared by Drs R. Schwob and J. Würsch, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co., Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.     

Untersuchungen über die Ursache der galvanotaktischen Reaktionen bei Fischen

Résumé Nous avons pu montrer, en bloquant le système nerveux périphérique par une méthode opératoire ou au moyen de substances pharmacologiques (spécialement du curare), que la réaction de position typique des poissons aux champs électriques est déclenchée par une excitation directe des muscles correspondants. La réaction la plus forte s'observe lorsque l'axe sagittal des animaux est perpendiculaire à la direction du champ. Chez des animaux narcotisés ou privés du système vestibulaire, de même que chez les Soles et quelques autres poissons, les lignes de force du champ devraient donc être verticales pour déclencher une réaction galvanotactique semblable. Nous savons en effet par l'anatomie et par la physiologie des mouvements qu'aucune réaction galvanotactique nepeut résulter de contractions du ventre et du dos. Le «Tetrodon», dont la nage n'est pas commandée par les groupes musculaires du tronc, ne manifeste aucune réaction galvanotactique.     

An ultrastructural investigation of the effects of perinatal malnutrition on E-PTA-stained synaptic junctions.

The effect of protein-deficient diet on E-PTA stained synapses in rat cerebral cortex was studied by electron microscopy. No significant difference was observed in synaptic morphology between control and malnourished animals at 35 days postnatal.     

Gravitational redshift of galaxies in clusters as predicted by general relativity

The theoretical framework of cosmology is mainly defined by gravity, of which general relativity is the current model. Recent tests of general relativity within the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model have found a concordance between predictions and the observations of the growth rate and clustering of the cosmic web. General relativity has not hitherto been tested on cosmological scales independently of the assumptions of the ΛCDM model. Here we report an observation of the gravitational redshift of light coming from galaxies in clusters at the 99 per cent confidence level, based on archival data. Our measurement agrees with the predictions of general relativity and its modification created to explain cosmic acceleration without the need for dark energy (the f(R) theory), but is inconsistent with alternative models designed to avoid the presence of dark matter.     

Quantitative Bestimmung von RNS-Fraktionen im Gehirn frisch geschlüpfter Bienen (Apis mellifica)

Summary In the brain of the honeybee (Apis mellifica), it was found that the rRNA content decreases rapidly during the first 2 days of adult life. An increase is observed from days 3 to 5, followed by another decrease to a level inferior to that of day 2 to 3. Except for a rise on the 5th day, 4s RNA remains constant. An unidentified RNA fraction of low molecular weight (D) sharply decreases on day 5. The possibility is discussed that these results reflect changes in RNA metabolism that can be related to the sequences of activity observed in the bees during the first 9 days after hatching.