系统的等价性初探

本文通过分析系统的结构和层次性,提出了判定两个系统等价关系的等价性原理,论证了该原理和一般科学原理的一致性,并扼要地用该原理讨论了自然界事物间的相关性、知识移植和科学统一等问题。     

果蔬消除亚硝酸盐和活性自由基研究

对24种水果蔬菜的主要营养成分、氧化还原特性、对N-亚硝基化合物合成的阻断作用及抗氧化活性进行了测定。结果表明,NO_2~-消除量和自由基综合消除活性均与果蔬的氧化还原当量之间存在极显著的回归与相关(p<0.01),与糖、蛋白质含量间有显著的同归关系,而与果蔬的电势电位、V_c及B族维生素含量等无相关性(ρ>0.05)。说明新鲜果蔬所含营养成分的综合还原特性是其具有防衰保健作用的重要原因之一。     

Sr1—xBaxNb2O6基本吸收边的研究

通过实验测量Sr_(0.57)Ba_(0.43)Nb_2O_6基本吸收边的位置;由透射曲线计算吸收系数;通过对a~2—hv曲线特征的研究,肯定了3.5eV以下吸收边的间接跃迁性质;确定了声子的能量E_p与禁带宽度E_g的值。     

有限维希尔伯特空间中的q－相干态和q－变形谐振子动力学

本文研究了有限维希尔伯特空间中ｑ－变形谐振子的ｑ－相干态，结果表明，ｑ－相干态有一些非平庸的特性，而其他的相干态可作为ｑ－相干态的特殊情形考虑，ｑ－谐振子的动力学特性最初在ｑ－相干态得以讨论，对于一些简单的情形分析了正交算符ｑ－相干态的ｑ－压缩的时间演化。     

Vesicular restriction of synaptobrevin suggests a role for calcium in membrane fusion

Release of neurotransmitter occurs when synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane. This neuronal exocytosis is triggered by calcium and requires three SNARE (soluble-N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) proteins: synaptobrevin (also known as VAMP) on the synaptic vesicle, and syntaxin and SNAP-25 on the plasma membrane. Neuronal SNARE proteins form a parallel four-helix bundle that is thought to drive the fusion of opposing membranes. As formation of this SNARE complex in solution does not require calcium, it is not clear what function calcium has in triggering SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. We now demonstrate that whereas syntaxin and SNAP-25 in target membranes are freely available for SNARE complex formation, availability of synaptobrevin on synaptic vesicles is very limited. Calcium at micromolar concentrations triggers SNARE complex formation and fusion between synaptic vesicles and reconstituted target membranes. Although calcium does promote interaction of SNARE proteins between opposing membranes, it does not act by releasing synaptobrevin from synaptic vesicle restriction. Rather, our data suggest a mechanism in which calcium-triggered membrane apposition enables syntaxin and SNAP-25 to engage synaptobrevin, leading to membrane fusion.     

New structure model of oxygen-evolving center and mechanism for oxygen evolution in photosynthesis

So far, many important questions and problems concerning the structure and mechanism of photosynthetic oxygen evolution are still unsolved. On the basis of recent achievements in this field, a new structure model is proposed whereby two H2O molecules bind asymmetrically to two manganese ions (Mn1Ⅱ and Mn4Ⅲ) at the open end of "C" shaped cluster and keep rather large distance. Two histidine residues coordinate to the other two manganese ions in higher oxidation state (Mn2Ⅳ and Mn3Ⅳ ) through their nitrogen atoms of the imidazole. Cl bound as terminal ligand to Mn4Ⅲl is connected to Ca, and the latter is needed to maintain the special configuration of two Mn2O2 units by bridged-oxo and bridged-carboxylate ligands. The whole structure of oxygen evolution center is asymmetry. A new mechanism for oxygen evolution invokes predictions of asymmetric oxidation of two H2O molecules, dynamic structural changes of oxygen e-volving center and indirect proton transport, etc. Only in S2 state, could Mn1Ⅳ = O. intermediate with high oxidation potential be formed. The S2→S3 process occurs with significant structural changes, as well as intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen transfer. The S3 state corresponds to intermediate of Mn1Ⅳ-O… H… O-Mn4Ⅳ . During S3→ [S4] →S0, the O-O bond is formed only in S4 state. The change of nucleophilic interaction between Cl and manganese ions different oxidation states has consequence for the significant structural changes in H2O oxidation process.     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

极近距离煤层采空区下扩切巷与支护方式

四台矿综采三队12#8733面为极近距离煤层采空区下内错布置工作面,层间距仅0.9～2.0 m,文章介绍了在该条件下综采设备稳装期间及采煤机扩切巷的工艺、工序及支护的措施,对类似条件下工程施工具有一定参考价值。     

不同精制方法对四逆散中4种有效成分含量的影响

采用醇沉、陶瓷膜超滤、大孔树脂吸附3种方法精制四逆散水提液,以4种有效成分保留率等为指标,对各方法精制效果进行对比.超滤法对柴胡皂苷a(87.29%)保留效果较好,醇沉法保留芍药苷(85.04%)和柚皮苷(93.52%)优势明显,大孔树脂吸附法则能很好地保留柴胡皂苷a(88.14%)和柚皮苷(85.57%),同时此法可以显著降低固形物得率,各有效成分在精制物中含量较高.在四逆散精制方法研究过程中应该全面考虑各类有效成分含量的变化.     

Inter-hemispheric comparison of climate change in the last millennium based on the ECHO-G simulation

The commonality and difference in the variations of temperature and precipitation between the Northern Hemisphere （NH） and Southern Hemispheres （SH） in the last millennium are investigated by analysis of the millennium simulation with the ECHO-G coupled climate model. The NH mean temperature variations are generally consistent with those of the SH counterpart on the interannual, decadal and centennial time scales. But, the transition times between the medieval warm period （MWP）, the little ice age （LIA）, and the present-day warm period （PWP） in the NH leads that in the SH; and the anomaly amplitude in the NH is significantly larger than the SH counterpart. For the precipitation variations, the NH mean precipitation varies in-phase with the SH mean precipitation on decadal and centennial scales （mainly in the mid-high latitudes） but out-of-phase on the interannual scale （mainly in the low latitudes）. During the MWP the warming has comparable amplitude in the NH and SH; however, during the PWP the NH warming is considerably stronger than the SH warming. Further, the present-day temperature rises in the NH high latitudes but decreases in the SH high latitudes, which is very different from the warming pattern during the MWP. Since during the MWP the greenhouse gases （GHG） concentration stayed at a low level, we infer that the present-day opposite temperature tendency in the high latitudes between the two hemispheres may be related to the increase of the GHG concentration.