利用非工程措施应对自然灾害的探讨

自然灾害是一个全球关注的热点问题,如何采取有效措施应对自然灾害是一个亟待解决的问题.就中国而言,自然灾害多发,灾害种类多,发生频率高,强度大,防灾减灾一直受到政府部门和广大群众的关注.目前,我国的防灾减灾大部分采用工程措施,非工程措施不够完善.而且防灾工程存在着施工质量差、设计标准低、规划不合理等问题,导致防灾减灾作用不能有效发挥,基于此,本文提出了几点应对自然灾害的非工程措施.对于防灾减灾具有一定的指导意义.     

河南省畜禽养殖污染现状分析及对策

通过对河南省畜禽养殖规模现状及区域分布特征、畜禽粪便污染物产生量、畜禽粪便综合利用水平的分析,得出该省畜禽养殖污染存在畜禽养殖总量大、畜禽粪便的处理与综合利用水平低等问题,并提出科学规划,合理布局,实现清洁养殖;种养结合,综合利用;加强畜禽养殖环境规划,加大执法力度等防治对策.     

残余油微观分布定量化解释及孔隙微观结构变化研究

为进一步研究不同孔隙下残余油饱和度的分布状况,以及残余油对于孔隙微观结构的影响,利用压汞法进汞毛管力曲线计算岩心原始孔隙半径;结合退汞毛管力曲线建立了不同孔隙半径所对应的残余油饱和度计算方法。在此基础上,利用分形理论研究空白岩心及退汞饱和度下的分形维数变化。结果表明:孔隙半径处于1.1~5μm范围相对大孔隙的分形维数高于半径处于0.03~1.1μm范围内小孔隙的分形维数,大孔隙不规则性强于小孔隙;同时在残余油饱和度下,岩心微观孔隙分形维数基本保持恒定,为2.065左右;且进汞时小孔隙维数D-in2、退汞时维数D分别与最大进汞饱和度和退汞饱和度具有明显线性关系。可见,通过开展对孔隙当中微观残余油分布的研究,对今后从降低残余油饱和度角度进行提高采收率研究具有非常重要的学术价值。     

磨粒和抛光垫对铝合金化学机械抛光性能

磨粒和抛光垫为化学机械抛光(CMP)提供了重要的机械磨削作用。为了探讨磨粒和抛光垫对铝合金化学机械抛光的磨削作用,研究了不同种类磨粒和抛光垫对材料去除率和表面形貌的影响。结果表明：在pH=12-13时,氧化铝抛光液去除率(MRR)为910nm/min,远大于二氧化硅与氧化铈抛光液,且获得较为理想光滑表面。3种不同抛光垫抛光后的铝合金表面,呢子抛光垫表面将不会出现划痕与腐蚀点,表面粗糙度较低为10.9nm。随着氧化铝浓度的增加,材料去除率(MRR)和表面粗糙度(Ra)均增加。当氧化铝含量为4wt%时,抛光垫使用呢子抛光垫适宜铝合金化学机械抛光,在获得高去除率的同时铝合金表面精度高。     

A mobile accessible closed multi-part group communication scheme in IPv6 network

To solve the problems of current IP multicast which includes poor inter-domain many-to-many group support, security vulnerabilities and dependency to specific multicast infrastructure, a mobile accessible closed multi-part group （MACMPG） communication protocol in IPv6 network is proposed. By extending the single source multicast protocol, the communication channel for multi-part group communication across domains is established. Based on lPv6 CGA, the secure closed group communication scheme is designed. The access to the multicast traffic only confined to the authorized senders and receivers and only trusted routers are allowed to be the branch points of MACMPG tree. By tunneling mechanism, the MACMPG traffic can be transmitted across non-MACMPG routing area, and the mobile nodes can join the group remotely and roam freely between domains, which eliminates the dependency on specific IP multicast routing.     

灰色GM(1,1)模型在山区耕地预测中的应用研究

以云南楚雄1999-2005年耕地面积数据为试验资料,运用灰色GM(1,1)模型分析探讨耕地面积的变化状况.初步结果表明:楚雄耕地面积的动态变化结果符合客观实际的变化规律,未来几年,楚雄拼地面积仍呈递减的趋势.     

Effects and mechanisms of fluorite on the co-reduction of blast furnace dust and seaside titanomagnetite

The co-reduction roasting and grinding magne -tic separation of seaside titanomagnetite and blast furnace dust was investigated with and without fluorite addition at a reduction roasting temperature of 1250℃ for 60 min, a grinding fineness of -43 μm accounting for 69.02wt% of the total, and a low-intensity magnetic field strength of 151 kA/m. The mineral composition, microstructure, and state of the roasted products were analyzed, and the concentrations of CO and CO₂ were analyzed in the co-reduction roasting. Better results were achieved with a small fluorite dosage (≤ 4wt%) in the process of co-reduction. In addition, F- was found to reduce the melting point and viscosity of the slag phase because of the high content of aluminate and silicate minerals in the blast furnace dust. The low moisture content of the blast furnace dust and calcic minerals inhibited the hydrolysis of CaF₂ and the loss of F-. Compared with the blast furnace dust from Chengdeng, the blast furnace dusts from Jiugang and Jinxin inhibited the diffusion of F- when used as reducing agents, leading to weaker effects of fluorite.     

Morphologic characteristics and growth interface stability of nano-micron FeS2 whiskers

Micromorphology is further studied on the basis of our previous researches concerned with the nano-micron FeS2 whisker. There are obvious differences in the intensive degree, diameter and micro- morphology among the FeS2 whiskers growing in different stages. From the early to late stage, the intensive degree increases, the diameter decreases, and the surface micro-morphology changes following the regularity： protrusive nodulation → coarse → smooth → flat. According to the theory of crystal growth, the geological setting and processes of whisker formation, we discuss the stability and evolution of crystal growth interface of FeS2 whisker occurring in Gengzhuang gold deposit （Shanxi Province, China）. The results suggest that the negative temperature gradient and the supercooling appear in the early stage of the whisker growth, whereas the positive temperature gradient of reposeful state appears in the late stage. In the whisker growth stage, the component concentration changes through the three stages： severely nonhomogeneous in the early stage, relatively homogeneous in the middle stage, more homogeneous in the late stage. The general changing process of the interfacial state is from unstable to stable. Micromorphology of FeS2 whisker in Gengzhuang is the result of synergism of temperature, component concentration and stability of crystal interface phase in hydrothermal system. The micromorphology not only reflects the physical and chemical characteristics of the hydrothermal system during the whisker growth, but also indicates the stability characteristics of the interface phase and records the changing process of the whisker growth.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒流行株基因组进化分析

2009年4月, 北美地区出现甲型H1N1流感疫情, 并且疫情快速扩散至欧亚非三大洲, 风险等级上升至5级. 截止至5月13日, 甲型H1N1流感病毒已扩散至33个国家和地区, 实验室确认病例5728例, 死亡61人. 从NCBI的IRV和GISAID的EpiFluDB数据库下载甲型H1N1流感病毒序列425条, 进行序列比对与进化分析. 分析结果显示: (ⅰ) 当前流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒是一个三重排A型流感病毒: HA, NA, MP, NP和NS来源于猪流感病毒; PB2和PA来源于禽流感病毒; PB1来源于人流感病毒. (ⅱ) 猪流感病毒的来源可细分为: HA, NP和NS来源于H1N1亚型经典猪流感毒株; NA和MP来源于H1N1亚型禽源猪流感毒株. (ⅲ) 甲型H1N1流感病毒在流行扩散过程中没有显著变异, 同时病毒基因组没有发生重排. 本文除了分析美国代表毒株A/California/04/2009(H1N1)外, 还以墨西哥代表毒株A/Mexico/4486/2009(H1N1)为主进行了同源性和进化分析, 地理范围相对较大, 分析结果更具科学性.     

水泥土渗透及渗透变形试验的研究

通过对某堤防工程防渗墙水泥土渗透变形试验的研究,提出了一种水泥土的加工方式和水泥土渗透及渗透变形试验的方法,并在实际中获得了较好的效果,具有一定的应用前景。