溶菌酶脂质体的制备及其对生物膜的剥离作用

采用逆向蒸发法制备了稳定的溶菌酶脂质体.在不锈钢表面培养出稳定生物膜后,分别利用溶菌酶和溶菌酶脂质体对其进行剥离.运用Zeta电位仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对脂质体和生物膜进行表征.结果表明制备的脂质体平均粒径为80~100 nm,包封率为82.4%.相同浓度下溶菌酶及其脂质体对混合菌种形成的生物膜剥离效率分别达到62.4%和86.5%.溶菌酶脂质体在24h内对生物膜和水体中微生物去除率分别达到89.6%和99.6%.因此,溶菌酶脂质体能够有效控制不锈钢表面生物膜污染风险.     

基于块匹配的综合图像检索技术

提出了一种基于文本、语义和特征块匹配相结合的综合图像检索方法．首先,将图像入库时进行人工标注;然后运用SVM机器学习框架,建立先验知识库,提取图像的语义特征;然后利用Harris算子检测出图像的特征点,进一步统计出两个图像中匹配的特征块数目,计算图像间的相似距离．实验结果表明,这种综合检索方法能更全面、更精确地描述了图...     

Structures of APC/C(Cdh1) with substrates identify Cdh1 and Apc10 as the D-box co-receptor

The ubiquitylation of cell-cycle regulatory proteins by the large multimeric anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) controls sister chromatid segregation and the exit from mitosis. Selection of APC/C targets is achieved through recognition of destruction motifs, predominantly the destruction (D)-box and KEN (Lys-Glu-Asn)-box. Although this process is known to involve a co-activator protein (either Cdc20 or Cdh1) together with core APC/C subunits, the structural basis for substrate recognition and ubiquitylation is not understood. Here we investigate budding yeast APC/C using single-particle electron microscopy and determine a cryo-electron microscopy map of APC/C in complex with the Cdh1 co-activator protein (APC/C(Cdh1)) bound to a D-box peptide at ～10 ? resolution. We find that a combined catalytic and substrate-recognition module is located within the central cavity of the APC/C assembled from Cdh1, Apc10--a core APC/C subunit previously implicated in substrate recognition--and the cullin domain of Apc2. Cdh1 and Apc10, identified from difference maps, create a co-receptor for the D-box following repositioning of Cdh1 towards Apc10. Using NMR spectroscopy we demonstrate specific D-box-Apc10 interactions, consistent with a role for Apc10 in directly contributing towards D-box recognition by the APC/C(Cdh1) complex. Our results rationalize the contribution of both co-activator and core APC/C subunits to D-box recognition and provide a structural framework for understanding mechanisms of substrate recognition and catalysis by the APC/C.     

单值度量广义逆的扰动分析

本文利用有界齐性算子给出Banach空间上的有界线性算子的单值度量广义逆的扰动分析.     

基于改进遗传算法的磁流变阻尼半主动控制系统整体优化

为解决磁流变阻尼半主动控制系统中控制算法参数、阻尼器参数与布置位置优化问题,提出一种改进的自适应小生境遗传算法.该遗传算法在选择策略、交叉和变异操作、交叉概率和变异概率的自适应调整等方面作了改进,并同时采用预选择机制和共享机制这两种小生境技术.算例分析结果表明：改进的自适应小生境遗传算法和改进的基本遗传算法优化结果总体一致,表明前者分析结果是正确的;前者首次得到最优解耗费的机时比后者平均少32.7%,可见前者比后者收敛速度更快;30次优化分析结果表明,前者比后者稳定性更强;经前者优化的磁流变阻尼半主动控制系统取得良好减振效果,El Centro波、集集波、人工波输入时,半主动控制结构层间位移角和绝对加速度的最大值较无控时分别平均减小64.1%、54.7%、55.9%.算例表明了改进的自适应小生境遗传算法的有效性,实现了对磁流变阻尼半主动控制系统的整体优化.     

等离子熔积成形混相瞬态场的Level-Set方法模拟

提出了一种二维等离子熔积成形瞬态模型,该模型描述了液／气界面的自由表面发展,并模拟了熔池内流体流动和传热．采用Level—Set方法处理液／气界面边界条件,考虑了熔体流动的主要驱动力——表面张力梯度、表面曲率、浮力以及工件表面的对流散热等因素．用固液相统一模型来描述固／液界面处的熔融和凝固过程,并开发了相应的软件．对高温合金K163在不同扫描速度下的熔积层表面形貌、温度场以及熔池内流场进行了模拟分析．     

基于神经网络的图像描述方法研究

自动识别和描述图像的内容是人工智能中一个重要的研究方向,它涉及计算机视觉和自然语言处理技术。针对这一难题,提出了一种由深层神经网络模型生成自然语言句子来描述图像内容的方法。该方法提出的模型由卷积神经网络(Convolution Neural Network,CNN)和循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network,RNN)组成,其中,CNN用来提取输入图像的特征生成固定长度的特征向量,该特征向量初始化RNN来生成句子。在MSCOCO图像描述数据集上的实验结果表明了该模型所生成句子的语法准确性和语义准确性,且优于先前的基线模型。     

基于贝叶斯公式的信息反馈机制

提出了一种基于贝叶斯公式的信息反馈模型BIF.当系统拒绝用户对资源的访问时,BIF通过计算在当前的条件下改变某些访问条件的可能性,把用户的访问条件的替代方案限制到一个小而有用的集合,系统将具有最大可能性的选项反馈给用户.用户根据系统的反馈改变访问条件从而成功访问资源.BIF引入附加策略来保护敏感策略,在此过程中不会泄漏任何危及到系统安全和机密性的信息.实验证明,BIF模型在保护了系统敏感信息的同时,也提高了系统的可用性及访问成功的几率.     

Heritable germline epimutation of MSH2 in a family with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

Epimutations in the germline, such as methylation of the MLH1 gene, may contribute to hereditary cancer syndrome in human, but their transmission to offspring has never been documented. Here we report a family with inheritance, in three successive generations, of germline allele-specific and mosaic hypermethylation of the MSH2 gene, without evidence of DNA mismatch repair gene mutation. Three siblings carrying the germline methylation developed early-onset colorectal or endometrial cancers, all with microsatellite instability and MSH2 protein loss. Clonal bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing showed different methylation levels in different somatic tissues, with the highest level recorded in rectal mucosa and colon cancer tissue, and the lowest in blood leukocytes. This mosaic state of germline methylation with different tissue distribution could act as the first hit and provide a mechanism for genetic disease inheritance that may deviate from the mendelian pattern and be overlooked in conventional leukocyte-based genetic diagnosis strategy.     

Male-pattern baldness susceptibility locus at 20p11

We conducted a genome-wide association study for androgenic alopecia in 1,125 men and identified a newly associated locus at chromosome 20p11.22, confirmed in three independent cohorts (n = 1,650; OR = 1.60, P = 1.1 x 10(-14) for rs1160312). The one man in seven who harbors risk alleles at both 20p11.22 and AR (encoding the androgen receptor) has a sevenfold-increased odds of androgenic alopecia (OR = 7.12, P = 3.7 x 10(-15)).